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Aquatic Exercise Chapter 9
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BACKGROUND AND PRINCIPLES FOR AQUATIC EXERCISE
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Background and Principles for Aquatic Exercise
Definition of Aquatic Exercise Goals and Indications for Aquatic Exercise
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Precautions and Contraindications to Aquatic Exercise
Fear of water Neurological disorders Respiratory disorders Cardiac dysfunction Small open wounds and lines Contraindications
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Properties of Water Physical Properties of Water Hydromechanics
Buoyancy Hydrostatic pressure Viscosity Surface tension Hydromechanics Components of flow motion Clinical significance of drag Figure 9.1 illustrates percentage of weight bearing at various immersion depths.
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Properties of Water (cont'd)
Thermodynamics Specific heat Temperature transfer Center of Buoyancy Figure 9.2 illustrates the center of buoyancy.
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Aquatic Temperature and Therapeutic Exercise
Temperature Regulation Mobility and Functional Control Exercise Aerobic Conditioning
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Pools for Aquatic Exercise
Traditional Therapeutic Pools Individual Patient Pools Shown here, Figure 9.3: Traditional therapeutic pool.
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Special Equipment for Aquatic Exercise
Collars, Rings, Belts, and Vests Swim Bars Gloves, Hand Paddles, and Hydro-tone® Bells Fins and Hydro-tone® Boots Kickboards
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Pool Care and Safety Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Cleaning and pH Level Tests Walking Surfaces Safety Rules and Regulations Life Preservers and CPR
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EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS USING AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
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Manual Stretching Techniques
Practitioner Position Patient Position Buoyancy-assisted (BA) seated or upright Buoyancy-supported (BS) supine Stretching Exercises
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Manual Stretching Techniques (cont'd)
Hand Placement Fixed (ipsilateral) hand stabilizes the patient, positioned proximally on the affected extremity Movement (contralateral) hand, positioned distally, guides patient’s extremity through desired motion and applies the stretch force Direction of Movement Describes motion of the movement hand Stretching Exercises
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Spine Stretching Techniques
Cervical Spine: Flexion Cervical Spine: Lateral Flexion Thoracic and Lumbar Spine: Lateral Flexion/Side Bending Stretching Exercises Shown here, Thoracic and Lumbar Spine: Lateral Flexion/Side Bending (Figure 9.13).
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Shoulder Stretching Techniques
Shoulder Flexion Shoulder Abduction Shoulder External Rotation Shoulder Internal Rotation Stretching Exercises
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Hip Stretching Techniques
Hip Extension Hip External Rotation Hip Internal Rotation Stretching Exercises
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Knee Stretching Techniques
Knee Extension With Patient on Steps Knee Flexion With Patient on Steps Knee Flexion With Patient Supine Hamstring Stretch Stretching Exercises
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Self-Stretching With Aquatic Equipment
Shoulder Flexion and Abduction Hip Flexion Knee Extension Knee Flexion Stretching Exercises
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Manual Resistance Exercises
Practitioner Position Patient Position Buoyancy-supported (BS) supine Hand Placement Guide (ipsilateral) hand directs patient’s body as muscles contract to move the body through water Resistance (contralateral) hand is placed at the distal end of the contracting segment Direction of Movement Describes motion of patient Strengthening Exercises
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Upper Extremity Manual Resistance Techniques
Shoulder Flexion/Extension Shoulder Abduction Shoulder Internal/External Rotation Unilateral Diagonal Pattern D1 Unilateral Diagonal Pattern D2 Bilateral Diagonal Pattern D2 Strengthening Exercises
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Lower Extremity Manual Resistance Techniques
Hip Adduction Hip Abduction Hip Flexion with Knee Flexion Hip Internal/External Rotation Knee Extension Ankle Motions Ankle Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion Ankle Inversion and Eversion Strengthening Exercises
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Dynamic Trunk Stabilization
Frontal Plane Multidirectional Strengthening Exercises Shown here, Dynamic Trunk Stabilization: Frontal Plane (Figure 9.23).
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Independent Strengthening Exercises
Extremity Strengthening Exercises Lumbar Spine Strengthening Trunk-Strengthening Exercises Standing Semi-reclined Supine Prone In deep water Strengthening Exercises Table 9.1 summarizes Motions Used for Upper and Lower Strengthening Exercises. Table 9.2 summarizes Lumbar Spine-Strengthening Exercises.
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Aerobic Conditioning Treatment Interventions
Deep-water walking/running Mid-water jogging/running (immersed treadmill running) Immersed equipment Swimming strokes
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Physiological Response to Deep-Water Walking/Running
Cardiovascular Response Training Effect Aerobic Conditioning
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Proper Form for Deep-Water Running
Instruction for Beginners Accommodating Specific Patient Populations Aerobic Conditioning
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Exercise Monitoring Monitoring Intensity of Exercise
Rate of perceived exertion Heart rate Monitoring Beginners Aerobic Conditioning
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Equipment Selection Deep Water Equipment Mid-Water Equipment
Flotation belt Vests Flotation dumbbells Noodles Fins Specially designed boots Bells Buoyant dumbbells Mid-Water Equipment Specially designed socks Forced current Elastic tubing Noodles Kickboard Aerobic Conditioning Selection of buoyancy devices for deep water exercise should reflect the desired patient posture, comfort, and projected intensity level.
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Independent Learning Activities
Case Studies
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