1. Analgesics – Opiates – NSAIDs Ethanol/Alcohol Marijuana/Cannabis

2. What are alcohol forms? 2 Ethanol is ethanol is ethanol 1 methanol 3 isopropanol Prentice Hall – permission to reproduce

3. Which drink has more ethanol? 1.Beer 2.Wine 3.Shot 4.All the same 5.Depends on the size of the drinkl

4. Ethanol administration and dosage? 1 glass of beer 1 glass of wine 1 shot of whiskey 12 ounces at 5% 5 ounces at 12% 1.5 ounces at 40%

5. How is ethanol metabolized? ADH ALDH Half life approximately 3 – 4 hours Aldehyde dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenase = O |OH|OH

6. How does Ethanol influence the Brain? inside

7. Which neurotransmitter is MOST impacted by ethanol? GABA neurotransmitter GABA receptor now opens, allowing Cl- to move Cl - Little moves Cl - LOTS moves

8. Ethanol also causes hyperpolarization Helping GABA means inhibiting action potential. Normal action potential threshold Threshold not reached

9. Ethanol Addiction? YES Work through the three parts with a neighbor Reward Tolerance Dependence? More enzyme “un-marination” of ALL body membranes Double negative, inhibit inhibitors

10. What are the benefits of ethanol? 1 resveratrol 3 Insulin release Alcohol dose/day 2

11. What are the side effects of ethanol use?

12. Alcohol and Brain Damage PMID: 9161613 Loss of gray matter in alcoholics And white matter, says Susan Tapert, former UW undergrad

13. Why does a person “flush” when drinking ethanol? 1.Alcohol binds to specific receptors in the hypothalamus, making one overheat 2.Ethanol causes vasodilation 3.Ethanol makes people seek out warmer environments 4.Ethanol causes your cerebellum to react making you embarrassed 5.Ethanol makes you produce more body heat

14. What are the long-ranging side effects associated with alcohol use? Cirrhosis Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Malnutrition, esp. Vit B12 Increase risk of high blood pressure, cancer, immune dysfunction….. Alcohol DETOX deaths: 5% - 25% of people withdrawing from alcohol die DEPENDING on the care they receive with in withdrawal

15. Is ethanol toxic? TI approximately 25 (toxicity) Underestimates ethanol related deaths ~40% traffic fatalities - Ethanol

16. Talk to each other. Ethanol causes vasodilation. It also causes INCREASED blood pressure. Which of these explanations might fit? 1.Ethanol causes there to be more dissolved salts in the blood 2.Ethanol causes there to be less dissolved salts in the blood 3.Wider vessels means more blood (which means more pressure) 4.Wider vessels means the heart has to pump harder

17. Individual experience may vary… ADH, ALDH D2DR Other drugs used (esp. acetaminophen!) Food in gut Body mass, body fat Sleep deprivation Age Setting