1. Regents Earth Science Mid Term Review

2. If one of the original samples of pyrite were cut in half, the density of each half would 1) be less than the original sample 2) be the same as the original sample 3) be greater than the original sample 4) increase then decrease

3. What is the density of a rock which has a mass of 35 grams and a volume of 7.0 cubic centimeters?
D= M/V
D= 35g__
7.0cm3
D= 5 g/cm3 M D V

4. If a sample of granite has a volume of 50cm3 and a density of 5
If a sample of granite has a volume of 50cm3 and a density of 5.0g/cm3, its mass would be…
M= D x V
M= 50cm3 X 5.0g/cm3
M= 250g M D V

5. If an object has a mass of 224 grams and a density of 2
If an object has a mass of 224 grams and a density of 2.5 g/cm3, what is its volume?
V= M/D
V= 224g__
2.5 g/cm3
V= 89.6 cm3 M D V

6. What is the volume of the toy dinosaur
What is the volume of the toy dinosaur? Units are measured in milliliters.
Read the bottom of the curve (meniscus)
Initial water level = 4.8mL
Water lever with dino = 5.6mL
5.6mL
- 4.8mL
0.8 mL
Volume of Dino =

7. What is the density of the rectangular solid if the mass is 150 grams?V
D= M/V
D= 150g ?
D= 150g
60cm3
D= 2.5 g/cm3
V = L x W x H
= 4cm x 3 cm x 5 cm
= 60cm3

8. What type of relationship is shown in the graph below
What type of relationship is shown in the graph below? State the relationship between time spent studying and test grades. As time spent studying increases, test grades increase.
DIRECT
Test Grade
Time Spent Studying

9. Temperature of Hot Chocolate
What type of relationship is shown in the graph below? State the relationship between time and the temperature of the cup of hot chocolate. As time increases, the temperature of the hot chocolate decreases.
INDIRECT
Temperature of Hot Chocolate
Time

10. What type of relationship is shown in the graph below
What type of relationship is shown in the graph below? State the relationship between time and tide height. As time increases, the height of the tide increases and decreases in a repeating pattern.
CYCLIC

11. Convert the following temperature reading to Celsius. BE CARFEUL
Convert the following temperature reading to Celsius. BE CARFEUL!!! Fahrenheit scale goes up by 2° Celsius scale goes up by 1°

12. If it is 8 p.m. at location D, what time would it be at location B?
360°
24hrs
15°/hr
Travel west and subtract time
Travel east and add time

13. If it is noon at location B, which location will experience noon next?
12 p.m.

14. What are the latitude and longitude coordinates for point B?
40°N, 65°E
Things to remember about latitude and longitude:
-Latitude is written first (°N or °S)
-Longitude is written second (°E or °W)

15. What are the approximate latitude and longitude coordinates for Plattsburgh, New York?

16. Plattsburgh's Coordinates
LATITUDE = 44°40’N
LONGITUDE = 73°30’W

17. What is the contour interval of this map
What is the contour interval of this map? Elevations are measured in feet.
What is contour interval?
What each line is counting up by…
10 feet

18. What is a possible elevation for the surface of Lake Lackawanna?
Anything less than 460 feet but greater than 450 feet
490
480
470
460

19. What is approximate gradient from point Y to point Z?
490
480
460
470

20. What is approximate gradient from point Y to point Z?
= 520ft – 490 ft
5mi
= 30 ft
= 6 ft/mi
490
480
460
470

21. In what general direction does Maple Stream flow?
South or Southwest
REMEMBER THE LAW OF V’s!!!
A stream flows OPPOSITE the direction of the V’s!!!

22. Construct a profile along line AB.
520
530
520
540
530
510
520
530
530
520
510
510
520
530
540
550

23. 570
560
550
540
530
520
510
500
520
530
530
520
510
510
520
530
540
550

24. Which profile best represents the topography along the dashed line from point X to point Y?  

25. What is the altitude of Polaris at Slide Mt? 42°
REMEMBER:
The ALTITUDE of Polaris is EQUAL to the LATITUDE of the observer.

26. What is the altitude of Polaris at Massena? 45°
REMEMBER:
The ALTITUDE of Polaris is EQUAL to the LATITUDE of the observer.

27. The grouping of rocks as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic is based primarily upon differences in 1) hardness 2) size 3) origin 4) age

28. Look at pages 6 and 7 any time you are asked a questions about rocks
Look at pages 6 and 7 any time you are asked a questions about rocks!! Even if you are 100% sure of the answer!

29. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, which sedimentary rock would be formed by the compaction and cementation of particles 0.1 centimeters in diameter? 1) shale 2) conglomerate 3) siltstone 4) sandstone

30. Most igneous rocks form by which processes
Most igneous rocks form by which processes? 1) erosion and deposition 2) heat and pressure 3) melting and solidification 4) compaction and cementation

31. The best evidence for determining the cooling rate of an igneous rock during its solidification is provided by 1) the disintegration of radioactive substances 2) the crystal size of its minerals 3) index fossils 4) faults in the rock

32. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, the sedimentary rock, gypsum, forms as a result of 1) evaporation of seawater 2) metamorphism of limestone 3) weathering of siltstone 4) faulting and folding of shale

33. Large crystal grains in an igneous rock indicate that the rock was formed 1) under low pressure 2) inside the Earth 3) on Earth’s surface 4) at a low temperature

34. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, which minerals could both be contained in the rocks gabbro and granite? 1) quartz and pyroxene 2) Plagioclase feldspar and biotite 3) Biotite and quartz 4) potassium feldspar and olivine

35. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, compared to basalt, granite is 1) more fine grained in texture 2) lighter in color 3) more mafic in composition 4) greater in density

36. Metamorphic rocks result from the 1) erosion of rocks 2) compression and cementation of soil particles 3) cooling and solidification of molten magma 4) recrystallization of rocks

37. The metamorphism of a sandstone rock will cause the rock 1
The metamorphism of a sandstone rock will cause the rock 1. to be melted 2. to contain more fossils 3. to become more dense 4. to occupy a greater volume

38. The metamorphic rock, phyllite will change into which rock when exposed to a higher degree of heat and pressure? 1. shale 2. schist 3. dolostone 4. granite

39. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2
Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage? 1. calcite 2. halite 3. pyrite 4. mica

40. What is the main use of dolomite?

41. Which mineral will scratch olivine?
So basically…which mineral is harder than olivine?

42. Which two Earth layers are separated by the Moho boundary?
Rigid mantle and plastic mantle
Outer core and stiffer mantle
Stiffer mantle and asthenosphere
Crust and rigid mantle

43. Which statement best describes the continental and oceanic crusts
Which statement best describes the continental and oceanic crusts? 1) The continental crust is thicker and less dense than the oceanic crust. 2) The continental crust is thinner and more dense than the oceanic crust. 3) The continental crust is thinner and less dense than the oceanic crust. 4) The continental crust is thicker and more dense than the oceanic crust.

44. An earthquake originated in New York State
An earthquake originated in New York State. The first P-wave traveled for 00:08:20. If the first P-wave arrived at the seismic station at 10:22:30, what was the origin time for the earthquake? 1) 02:02:30 2) 10:30:50 3) 10:14:10 4) 10:22:30
10:22:30
- 00:08:20
10:14:10

45. A seismograph station records a difference in arrival time between the S- and P-wave of 4 minutes. About how far away is the earthquake epicenter? 1) 1,000 km 2) 5,200 km 3) 2,600 km 4) 1,900 km

46. A seismograph station records a difference in arrival time between the S- and P-wave of 4 minutes. About how far away is the earthquake epicenter? 1) 1,000 km 2) 5,200 km 3) 2,600 km 4) 1,900 km

47. At a depth of 4,500 kilometers below the surface of the Earth, the pressure is estimated to be 1) 1.4 million atmospheres 2) 2.0 million atmospheres 3) 2.8 million atmospheres 4) 3.1 million atmospheres

48. Where are earthquakes most likely to take place
Where are earthquakes most likely to take place? 1) along the core-mantle interface 2) where the composition of the Earth tends to be ` uniform 3) near the Earth's Equator 4) at a plate boundary

49. An earthquake occurred at 5:00:00 a. m
An earthquake occurred at 5:00:00 a.m., at what time would the P-wave reach a seismic station 3,000 kilometers from the epicenter? 1) 5:04:30 a.m. 2) 5:05:40 a.m. 3) 5:01:40 a.m. 4) 5:10:15 a.m.
05:00:00 a.m.
+ 00:05:40____
05:05:40 a.m.

50. A seismograph station records a difference between the arrival times of the P-wave and S-wave of 00:07:30. About how far away is this station from the earthquake epicenter? 1) 6,000 km 2) 4,400 km 3) 7,200 km 4) 2,100 km

51. The seismograms were recorded at earthquake recording stations A, B, and C. The letters P and S on each seismogram indicate the arrival times of the compressional (primary) and shear (secondary) seismic waves. A fourth station recorded the same earthquake. The P-wave arrived, but the S-wave did not arrive. The best explanation for the absence of the S-wave is that the 1) S-wave traveled only on the Earth's surface and did not penetrate the Earth's interior 2) S-wave stopped when it reached a solid part of the Earth's interior 3) S-wave stopped when it reached a liquid part of the Earth's interior 4) S-wave was never transmitted by the earthquake

52. Approximately how far from station B is the earthquake epicenter located? 1) 6,300 km 2) 4,300 km 3) 5,300 km 4) 3,500 km

53. Approximately how far from station B is the earthquake epicenter located? 1) 6,300 km 2) 4,300 km 3) 5,300 km 4) 3,500 km

54. The cross-sectional diagram below of the Earth shows the paths of seismic waves from an earthquake. Letter X represents the location of a seismic station. Which statement best explains why station X received only P-waves? 1) A liquid zone within the Earth stops S-waves. 2) P-waves and S-waves are refracted by the Earth's core. 3) Station X is too far from the focus for S-waves to reach. 4) S-waves traveled too slowly for seismographs to detect them.

55. The primary cause of convection currents in the Earth's mantle is believed to be the 1) rotation of the Earth 2) subsidence of the crust 3) occurrence of earthquakes 4) differences in densities of earth materials

56. Igneous rock along oceanic ridges is younger than the igneous rock farther from the ridges. This evidence supports the theory that 1) the ocean floor is stable 2) volcanoes one existed on both sides of the oceanic ridges 3) the ocean floor is spreading 4) oceanic ridges are areas of subsidence

57. The diagram below shows some features of Earth's crust and upper mantle.

58. Which map best represents the pattern of magnetic polarity in the minerals of ocean-floor bedrock on each side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

59. Which fossil could best be considered an index fossil?
REMEMBER:
SHORT LIVED – only one layer
WIDE SPREAD – all outcrops

60. Which fossil could best be considered an index fossil?
REMEMBER:
SHORT LIVED – only one layer
WIDE SPREAD – all outcrops
FOSSIL C

61. Earth is estimated to be about how old?
4600 million years
4.6 billion years

62. Which pie graph best shows the relative length of time of the major intervals of Earth’s geologic history?

63. This diagram provides evidence that the Pacific Crustal Plate was moving toward the
South
East
Southwest
Northwest