1. Detector for GlueX JLab PAC 23 Jan 20, 2003 Physics Beamline Hall D GlueX Detector Software Trigger Computing Environment PRL

2. What is needed? 9-GeV polarized photon beam  Coherent bremsstrahlung beam Hermetic detector for multi-particle charged and neutral final statesCharged  Solenoid-based detector Select events of interest with high sensitivity  High DAQ rate capability with software trigger Analysis environment for successful PWA

3. Construction Site

4. Status of Civil Design Credible optics design Layout that provides room for detectors and access to equipment  Beam containment proposal Concept for civil design GEANT Calculations show that the shielding satisfies radiation protection guidelines

5. Hall D site layout

6. Coherent bremsstrahlung beam Photon beam energy (GeV) Flux Delivers the necessary polarization, energy and flux concentrated in the region of interest P = 40% Photon beam energy (GeV) Linear Polarization

7. Gluonic excitations transfer angular momentum in their decays to the internal angular momentum of quark pairs not to the relative angular momentum of daughter meson pairs - this needs testing. GlueX will be sensitive to a wide variety of decay modes - the measurements of which will be compared against theory predictions. To certify PWA - consistency checks will be made among different final states for the same decay mode, for example: Should give same results For example, for hybrids: favored not-favored Measure many decay modes! Hybrid decays

8. GlueX detector

9. Solenoid ships from Los Alamos

10. Unloading at IUCF

11. Exploded view of the GlueX detector TARGETVTX CDC FDC CERENKOVPb-GLASS DET 12.00 The components are extracted by “4 ft” from each other for maintenance. TOF

12. Particle kinematics All particles Most forward particle  p → X p → K + K ─  +  ─ p

13. GlueX Detector

14. Central tracking Straw tube chamber Vertex Counter

15. Forward drift chambers

16. Charged particle resolution

17. Calorimetry Built by IU for BNL Exp 852 Pb Glass Barrel Mass  00  Pb/SciFi detector based on KLOE  /E = 4.4 %/ √E, threshold = 20 MeV  t = 250 ps

18. Particle identification Time-of-flight, Cerenkov counter, and constraints for exclusive events  p → K*K*p, E  = 9 GeV

19. Hall D Prototype (IHEP Run 2001) R. Heinz / IU

20. PID with Cerenkov and forward TOF TOF  =100 ps resolution n= 1.0014n= 1.0024  p → K + K   +   p, E  = 9 GeV

21. Acceptance is high and uniform Acceptance in Decay Angles Gottfried-Jackson frame: In the rest frame of X the decay angles are theta, phi assuming 9 GeV photon beam Mass [X] = 1.4 GeV Mass [X] = 1.7 GeV Mass [X] = 2.0 GeV

22. Trigger Rates Output of Level 3 software trigger

23. Luminosity limits GlueX raw rates will be well below currently running CLAS electron beam experiments

24. DAQ architecture 40 VME front-end crates Gigabit switch 200 Level 3 Filter Nodes 8 event builders 4 event recorders 4 tape silos 8 100-Mbit switches

25. Fully pipeline system of electronics Flash ADCs: 13000 channels TDCs : 8000 channels Deadtimeless Expandable No delay cables (Non-pipeline: Limits photon flux < 10 7 /s, incurs deadtime, requires delay cables)

26. Data Volume per experiment per year (Raw data - in units of 10 9 bytes) But: collaboration sizes! Ian Bird

27. Data Handling and Reduction CLASGlueX Event size5 KB Data volume100 TB/year1000 TB/year cpu speed0.4 GHz6.4 GHz cpu time per event100 ms15 ms cpu count150225 Reduction speed7 MB/s75 MB/s Throughput limitcpu speed Reduction time0.5 year0.4 year Data rate up by 10, computer costs down by > 5  GlueX Computing Effort ~ 2 x CLAS

28. Computing Model DAQ Level 3 Farm Event Reconstruction Calibration Physics Analysis Physics Data Tier “2” Centers Tier “1” Center (Jlab) Tier “2” Simulation Center 1 PB/year 0.2 PB/yr 0.2 PB 100 MB/s 70 MB/s 20 MB/s Physics Analysis 20 MB/s Monte Carlo

29. Detector designed for PWA Double blind studies of 3  final states  p n    X  Linear Polarization m  [GeV/c 2 ]  GJ a2a2   

30. Leakage An imperfect understanding of the detector can lead to “leakage” of strength from a strong partial wave into a weak one. STRONG: a 1 (1260) (J PC =1 ++ ) Break the GlueX Detector (in MC). Look for Signal strength in Exotic 1 -+ Under extreme distortions, ~1% leakage!

31. Ongoing R&D effort Solenoid – shipped to IUCF for refurbishment Tracking – testing straw chamber; fabricating endplate prototype (CMU) Vertex - study of fiber characteristics (ODU/FIU) Barrel calorimeter – beam tests at TRIUMPF; fabricated first test element of the Pb/SciFi matrix (Regina) Cerenkov counter – magnetic shield studies (RPI) Time-of-flight wall – results of beam tests at IHEP show  ps (IU) Computing – developing architecture design for Hall D computing Electronics – prototypes of pipeline TDC and FLASH ADC (Jlab/IU) Trigger – Studies of algorithm optimization for Level 1(CNU) Photon tagger – benchmarks of crystal radiators using X-rays (Glasgow/UConn) Civil – beam height optimized; electron beam optics shortens length of construction; new radiation calculations completed (Jlab)

32. 7 R.T. Jones, Newport News, Mar 21, 2002  Benchmarks of Diamond Crystals Stone 1407 Slice 1 (4mm x 4 mm X-ray rocking curve) Richard Jones / Uconn Stone 1482A Slice 2 (10mmx10mm X-ray rocking curve) High QualityPoor Quality

33. Straw Tube chamber work Graduate Students: Zeb Krahn and Mike Smith Built a  -gun using a 10  Ci 106 Ru Source Getting coincidences with both cosmics and  ’s  gun cosmics ArCO 2 90-10 ArEthane 50-50 Carnegie Mellon University

34. Building a Prototype Endplate Build endplates as 8 sections with tounge and groove. Checking achievable accuracy

35. Barrel calorimeter prototyping Hybrid pmts can operate in fields up to 2 Tesla University of Regina Pb/SciFi prototype

36. FLASH ADC Prototype Paul Smith / IU 250 MHz, 8-bit FADC

37. Pipeline TDC  = 59 ps TDC counts First prototype results: high resolution mode Jlab DAQ and Fast Electronics Groups

38. Cassel review of Hall D concluded “The experimental program proposed in the Hall D Project is well-suited for definitive searches for exotic states that are required according to our current understanding of QCD” “An R&D program is required to ensure that the magnet is usable, to optimize many of the detector choices, to ensure that the novel designs are feasible, and to validate cost estimates.” Working with input from many groups on electronics, DAQ, computing, civil, RadCon, engineering, and detector systems.

39. Hall D Budget Solenoid1075 Detectors11149 Tracking4837 Calorimetry4374 Particle ID1938 Computing2102 Electronics3770 Beamline7188 Infrastructure1950 Civil8859 Total36093 Budget assumes that in addition to the construction cost, the Physics operations Budget will increase by 30% to support a Hall D group. Budget estimates are under review as we update the GlueX Design report. No substantial changes since 3/01.

40. What is Needed? PWA requires that the entire event be identified - all particles detected, measured and identified.  The detector should be hermetic for neutral and charged particles, with excellent resolution and particle ID capability. The beam energy should be sufficiently high to produce mesons in the desired mass range with excellent acceptance.  Too high an energy will introduce backgrounds, reduce cross- sections of interest and make it difficult to achieve above experimental goals. PWA also requires high statistics and linearly polarized photons.  Linear polarization will be discussed. At 10 8 photons/sec and a 30- cm LH2 target a 1 µb cross section will yield 600M events/yr. We want sensitivity to sub-nanobarn production cross-sections.

41. Missing mass resolution  p → X p → K + K ─  +  ─  0 p

43. Hall D schematic

44. Outline Site and civil construction Detector Requirements Recent developments  DAQ  Electronics  Offline Computing

45. Pipeline TDC based on COMPAS F1 chip Resolution  4 channels per chip of high resolution (60 ps least count)  8 channels per chip of low resolution (120 ps least count) Density per board  32 channels of low resolution inputs  64 channels of high resolution inputs Packaging in VME64x Dynamic range – 16 bits (~ 4  s) Development by JLab Fast Electronics and DAQ groups (F. Barbosa and E. Jastrzembski)