1. Point Mutations Silent Missense Nonsense Frameshift

2. Point Mutations A change in a single base pair within the DNA. – Transition = a pyrimidine changing to another pyrimidine (or purine to purine) – Transversion = a purine changing to a pyrimidine ( or vise –versa)

3. Silent Mutation Does not alter the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide even though the nucleotide sequence has changed.

4. Missense Mutations Base substitutions in which an amino acid change does occur. – Example : sickle-cell anemia.

5. Nonsense Mutations Involves a change from a normal codon that codes for a amino acid to a stop codon.

6. Frame-shift Mutations Involves the addition or deletion of a number of nucleotides that is not divisible by 3. Causes the sequence to shift to the right or left.

7. Table 16.1: Consequences of Point Mutations Within the Coding Sequence copy the example into your notes.