1. The United States Enters WWI Section 9.1 (Appleby 320-327)
Chapter 9
World War I and Its Aftermath
PF 3:28
The United States Enters WWI Section 9.1 (Appleby )

2. Today Agenda Return and go over test Class Average= 83% # of As= 9
# of Bs= 17
# of Cs=11
9.1 Slide Show
Homework
-Finish reading 9.1

3. Today’s Objectives At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
Define Triple Entente/ Central Powers and list its member
Define neutrality and describe its complexity &/or hypocrisy in American policy
Identify the Zimmerman Note
Identify Lusitania as the catalyst of America’s formal entry into WWI
Identify major economic reasons for America’s entry into WWI

4. Background to WWI Franco-Prussian War -German Empire begins
-France humiliated
Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia
-Serbia humiliated
Archduke Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo
Growing nationalism
Wilhelm II crowned Kaiser
-Demands “A place in the sun”
Russo-Japanese War
-Russia humiliated

5. Europe on the Eve of War, June 1914
Austro-Hungary annexes Bosnia
Growing German naval power alarms Great Britain
German militarism alarms France and Russia
Russia, Aus-Hun, Ottoman Emp. compete for control of Balkans
Russian, Germany, GB, France compete for empire
Malignant Serbian Nationalism grows

6. Friedrich Nietzsche Philosopher of late 1800s “God is dead”
Believed that the greatest good is power, strength
Greatest evil is weakness
His beliefs greatly influenced leaders of Europe in WWI

8. What were the MAIN causes of WWI?
Militarism
Aggressive buildup of armed forces meant to intimidate other nations
German insecurity led to massive buildup
Alliance System
Insecurity caused nations form security guarantees
An attack on one was an attack on all
Imperialism
Intense competition among powers
for territory/ status
Nationalism
Intense love of one’s nation mixed with social Darwinism
Viewed other nations as inferior
Fredrick Nietzsche’s Will to Power
Militarism
Aggressive buildup of armed forces meant to intimidate other nations
German felt surrounded by France, Russia
German began naval buildup
Threatened Britain
Alliance System
GB allied with France & Russia
Germany allied with Austria-Hungary & Ottoman Empire
If one nation was attacked, ALL members of Alliance went to war
Imperialism
European powers competed for empires
Southern Slavs resented imperial domination of Austria-Hungary
Nationalism
Intense love of one’s nation (& inferiority of others) increased
Lased with Social Darwinism (Will to Power)

9. The Match: Gavrilo Princeps

10. Today’s Agenda Review Finish 9.1 Slide Show Homework
Read 9.1 in Textbook and answer “Primary Source: Causes of WWI” questions 1-2 on a separate sheet of paper on page 323

11. What events triggered the outbreak of the Great War?
1914
June July August
Central Powers at war with Triple Entente in 8/4/14
Archduke of Austria Assassinated in Sarajevo on 6/14/14
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
7/28/14
Wilson declares American neutrality 8/4/14

12. Alliance System

13. Who were the members of the Central & Triple Entente Alliances?
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Triple Entente (Allies)
France
Great Britain
Russia

14. Enthusiasm for War

15. Why did Germany’s war plan for an early victory fail?
Schlieffen Plan
Plan to deal with 2 front war
1st -Quickly sweep through Belgium & defeat France
2nd -Defeat slow moving Russia & WIN
Failed because
Russia mobilized quickly
French halted advance in west
Led to bloody stalemate of trench warfare

16. The Fronts

17. Describe the nature of the fighting.
Trench Warfare
frontal assaults over “no man’s land”
Massive destruction & casualties
Battle of the Somme (Jul-Nov. 1916)
GB lost 60 thousand in one day
1.5 million casualties
Gained 6 miles in 5 months
Senseless death of millions
Antiquated (Out of date) fighting techniques + mass produced, deadly weapons = Futility (pointless “victories”)
Battle of Verdun (Feb-July 1916)
French lost 315 thousand
Germany lost 280 thousand
French saved Verdun but very little territory
32 million shells fired by French alone
Battle of the Somme
GB lost 60 thousand in one day
Generals continued same tactics anyway
1.5 million casualties between July and Nov. 1916
British gained a total of 6 sq. miles

18. Battle of the Somme

19. Let’s Review
Term for when one nation dominates another politically, economically
TR’s foreign policy
Insecure leader of Germany
Causes of WWI
What was the Schielfen Plan
Characteristics of the fighting

20. Why were the casualties so high?
Used Traditional Infantry ‘charges’
“Over the top!”
BUT possessed advanced weaponry
Machine gun
Artillery
Mustard gas
Barbed wire
Tanks
18:00-20:24

21. Harry Houdini Presentation

23. What was America’s official policy toward the war?
Neutral
“We must be impartial in thought as well as in action.”
Despite diverse population of immigrants, most Americans supported this view
7:30-

24. American Neutrality

25. Was America really neutral?
Strong economic ties to Entente
Triple Entente owed $2.25 billion to US companies
British controlled flow of information
Cut Transatlantic cable in 1914
Portrayed Germans as “Huns” I.E. Mindless barbarians
9:42-11:27

26. Propaganda and Economic Impact

27. What happened to the Lusitania?
British passenger ship
Secretly carried American arms to the allies
Passengers warned by German gov. before ship embarked
Sunk by German U-Boats (submarine) in 1915
Outraged American public
0:53-3:48

28. Describe the election of 1916.
Wilson campaigns & wins on anti-war platform
“He kept us out of war!”
In reality America had sided with the Allies (Entente)
$2.25 billion in loans
Attracted to post war investment
Wanted an American voice at peace settlement
Natural cultural connection to Britain

29. What was the Zimmerman Note?
German cable to Mexico promised pre-1848 territory if Mexico side with Germany
Discovered by British and released to American press
Further outraged American public

30. Why did Wilson ask Congress to declare war?
Germany returned to Unrestricted Submarine Warfare Jan. 1917
‘To make the world safe for democracy’
Believed the “American System” would save the world
Hoped to spread American Style democracy, capitalism
Believed WWI would be War to end all wars

31. Conclusion Is spreading democracy a valid reason for going to war?
Is protecting economic interests a valid reason?