1. American Imperialism United States History Mrs. O’Shea CHSAS

2. Review Look up the following in your notes: Manifest Destiny - Social Darwinism -

3. Free Land Defined Americans America had been in a process of constantly acquiring land. Frontier = opportunity and required “rugged self- reliance” 1893 – superintendent of Census announced the “frontier” as closed. Now what? 1890s – acquiring new land separate from continental U.S. did not attract U.S. settlers.

4. Africa Becomes a Jigsaw Puzzle Slave Trade outlawed Now What? European countries divide up and colonize Africa.

5. What about us? “The great nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion and their present defense all the waste places of the earth. As one of the great nations of the world, the United States must not fall out of the line of march.” (Henry Cabot Lodge, 1895)

6. Do we want to be an empire? European countries = Imperialist countries Imperialism – p.584 stronger nations attempting to create an empire by dominating weaker nations George Washington warned about getting too entangled in foreign affairs.

8. China and Japan U.S. wanted new markets European powers all had interest in China Open Door Policy – Secretary of State asked _________ powers to keep an “open door” to China ________ Rebellion – multinational force crushed uprising

9. Hawaii American planters revolt against monarchy Asked to be annexed by United States 1898 - annexed

10. The Congress and the President – apologizes to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the people of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 17, 1893... and the deprivation of the rights of Native Hawaiians to self- determination;

11. Spanish- American War 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4.

12. Concentration Camps Estimated 200,000 Cubans die of disease and starvation. Cuban guerrillas destroy American sugar plantations/mills in Cuba to get the attention of the U.S.

15. Yellow Journalism Joseph Pulitzer's = New York World William Randolph Hearst's = New York Journal Hearst told his artist sent to paint pictures of fighting in Cuba - "You supply the pictures. I'll supply the war." “How Babies Are Baked” “Was He A Suicide?”

18. Panama Canal – p.599 When the French abandoned the project they had spent over twenty years and $260,000,000. It took nine hours and forty minutes for the passage of the first ship through the canal. When the canal opened tolls were set at $1.20 per ton for freight and $1.50 per ton for passengers. A freighter carrying a cargo of 4,500 tons paid a toll of $5,400. When the Panama Canal opened to traffic, the United States had spent $352 million.

19. Causes Nationalism

20. Intense pride in nation Problem = Countries act on their own best interest

21. Causes NationalismImperialism

22. Scramble for colonies Problem = competition leads to conflict

23. Causes Nationalism Militarism Imperialism

24. Militarism Countries in Europe were spending large amounts of money on building up their armed forces. Problem: Constantly planning war made war more inevitable.

25. Causes Nationalism Militarism System of Alliances Imperialism

26. System of Alliances Countries created protective relationships with other countries Problem: If conflict occurs between two countries, other countries are bound by their relationships into the conflict. I got your back Russia!

28. Causes NationalismImperialism Militarism System of Alliances

29. Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand June 28, 1914 Heir to Austro-Hungarian Empire Shot by Bosnian nationalist

30. Spark of War Austria's declaration of war against Serbia on July 28, 1914 Russia announces it mobilization for war. Germany declares war on Russia – August 1, 1914 Germany declares war on France – August 3, 1914 Great Britain declares war on Germany – August 4, 1914 http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/maps/

31. European PLAYERS Central Powers Austria-Hungary Germany Bulgaria Ottoman Empire Allies Serbia Russia France Great Britain Portugal Italy Romania Greece Belgium

32. 1914 – Wilson declares neutrality (protect investments)

33. New Technology in Warfare Machine guns = 600 rounds per minute Rapid fire artillery Poison gas Airplanes and Airships (Zeppelins) Tanks U-boats

34. Trench Warfare http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_tr ench.html http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_tr ench.html The Allies and Central Powers dug nearly 6,2500 miles of trenches by the end of 1914. Lice Trench foot Rats Dysentery Trench fever

36. Ships lost to submarines Year19141915191619171918 Number of Ships 33969642,4391,035

37. U.S. Involvement in WWI 1.Opposition to autocratic Kaiser Wilhelm 2.Most immigrants favored Allies 3.Propaganda fueled by Britain (got our news only from them)

38. 4.Sinking of passenger ships by U-boats (Lusitania, Sussex, City of Memphis, Illinois, Vigilancia) 5.Zimmerman Note – if Mexico declares war on U.S., Germany would give them land after war 6.Russian Revolution – Czar is overthrown

39. 1917 – Wilson declares War “make the world safe for democracy”

40. Mobilizing Troops Sent 14,500 men and $$$ immediately Selective Service Act – all men between 21-30 must register 24 million registered3 million drafted Trained and transported by convoy (thwarted u-boats)

41. Homefront Liberty Bonds - $20 million Factories – commercial goods -> war goods Lever Food and Fuel Control Act – Herbert Hoover controlled food pricing/rationing, daylight savings time Fear of German-Americans Sedition Act of 1918 – illegal to discuss anything disloyal about the U.S. government, army, navy

44. End of War Bolshevik Revolution – Russians signed truce with Germany Germany refocused attention on western front – gave one more big push Germany overwhelmed by U.S. Signed armistice (cease-fire) – November 1918

45. 8 million soldiers/sailors died (est.) = average of about 5,000 a day 22 million dead U.S. losses 48,000 battle deaths 2,900 missing in action 56,000 disease related deaths

46. How do you make peace last? Big Four – Paris Peace Conference (France, Britain, Italy, Great Britain) Wilson of U.S. End of tangling alliances Removal of trade barriers Reduction of military forces Self-determination League of Nations George of Britain, Clemenceau of France, Orlando of Italy Central Powers pay reparations Divide up Germany’s colonies ?

47. Versailles Treaty League of Nations 9 new nations created from Germany Middle East divided up $33 million in war reparations for Germany Makes Germany admit responsibility

48. Effects of War on U.S. U.S. emerged as a leading industrial power More migration north by African Americans (Great Migration) Intensified anti-immigrant sentiments Brought women into workplace – 1920 = 19 th Amendment