1. Present Active Indicative (Chapter 16)
Greek I
Present Active Indicative
(Chapter 16)

2. Exegetical Insight – The “I am” statements in John’s Gospel
John 6:35: Egw, eivmi o` a;rtoj th/j zwh/j\
John 8:12: VEgw, eivmi to. fw/j tou/ ko,smou\
John 10:7: evgw, eivmi h` qu,ra tw/n proba,twnÅ
John 11:25: evgw, eivmi h` avna,stasij kai. h` zwh,\
John 15:5: evgw, eivmi h` a;mpeloj( u`mei/j ta. klh,mataÅ
John 8:58: VAmh.n avmh.n le,gw u`mi/n( pri.n VAbraa.m gene,sqai evgw. eivmi,Å
Exod 3:15: evgw, eivmi o` w;n
John 8:24: eva.n ga.r mh. pisteu,shte o[ti evgw, eivmi( avpoqanei/sqe evn tai/j a`marti,aij u`mw/nÅ

3. Overview of this Lesson
In this lesson we will learn:
that the present tense typically portrays an action that occurs in present time;
that the present tense can describe an ongoing action (continuous action), or say nothing about the verb’s aspect (undefined);
the three parts to a present active indicative verb: present tense stem, connecting vowel, and personal ending;
the primary active personal endings.

4. English Grammar
The present indicative describes an action occurring in present time.
Active voice means that the subject is doing the action.
Indicative mood describes a fact or asks a question. We will be in the indicative mood for many weeks before moving on to the non-indicative moods.
I see the tall man.

5. Greek Grammar
The present active indicative in Greek is basically the same as it is in English.
With regard to aspect, it can be:
continuous – “I am studying.”
undefined – “I study on Monday through Friday.”
Primary personal endings are used in the present tense and the next several tenses that we study; secondary personal endings will be used for other tenses and will be explained later.
Voice will also be differentiated by the endings.

6. Form of the Present Active Indicative
Present tense stem – the most basic form of the verb in a particular tense; carries the meaning.
Connecting vowel – will be omicron when the ending begins with mu or nu; with all other endings it will be epsilon. If there is no personal ending, it can be either epsilon or omicron.
Personal ending – designates person and number, thus indicating the subject.

7. Paradigm for lu,w in Present Active Indicative
6 no personal ending is used and the connecting vowel lengthens to omega.
7 original ending was si; underwent metathesis, i.e., switched places.
9 nu drops out and the connecting vowel lengthens to ou; can take a moveable nu on the end.

8. Master Personal Endings Chart

9. 1 John 1:5-10
1 John 1:  ¶ Kai. e;stin au[th h` avggeli,a h]n avkhko,amen avpV auvtou/ kai. avnagge,llomen u`mi/n( o[ti o` qeo.j fw/j evstin kai. skoti,a evn auvtw/| ouvk e;stin ouvdemi,aÅ 6 VEa.n ei;pwmen o[ti koinwni,an e;comen metV auvtou/ kai. evn tw/| sko,tei peripatw/men( yeudo,meqa kai. ouv poiou/men th.n avlh,qeian\ 7 eva.n de. evn tw/| fwti. peripatw/men w`j auvto,j evstin evn tw/| fwti,( koinwni,an e;comen metV avllh,lwn kai. to. ai-ma VIhsou/ tou/ ui`ou/ auvtou/ kaqari,zei h`ma/j avpo. pa,shj a`marti,ajÅ 8 eva.n ei;pwmen o[ti a`marti,an ouvk e;comen( e`autou.j planw/men kai. h` avlh,qeia ouvk e;stin evn h`mi/nÅ 9 eva.n o`mologw/men ta.j a`marti,aj h`mw/n( pisto,j evstin kai. di,kaioj( i[na avfh/| h`mi/n ta.j a`marti,aj kai. kaqari,sh| h`ma/j avpo. pa,shj avdiki,ajÅ 10 eva.n ei;pwmen o[ti ouvc h`marth,kamen( yeu,sthn poiou/men auvto.n kai. o` lo,goj auvtou/ ouvk e;stin evn h`mi/nÅ

10. 1 John 2:1-5
1 John 2: John 2:1 ¶ Tekni,a mou( tau/ta gra,fw u`mi/n i[na mh. a`ma,rthteÅ kai. eva,n tij a`ma,rth|( para,klhton e;comen pro.j to.n pate,ra VIhsou/n Cristo.n di,kaion\ 2 kai. auvto.j i`lasmo,j evstin peri. tw/n a`martiw/n h`mw/n( ouv peri. tw/n h`mete,rwn de. mo,non avlla. kai. peri. o[lou tou/ ko,smouÅ 3 Kai. evn tou,tw| ginw,skomen o[ti evgnw,kamen auvto,n( eva.n ta.j evntola.j auvtou/ thrw/menÅ 4 o` le,gwn o[ti :Egnwka auvto,n kai. ta.j evntola.j auvtou/ mh. thrw/n( yeu,sthj evsti,n kai. evn tou,tw| h` avlh,qeia ouvk e;stin\ 5 o]j dV a'n thrh/| auvtou/ to.n lo,gon( avlhqw/j evn tou,tw| h` avga,ph tou/ qeou/ tetelei,wtai( evn tou,tw| ginw,skomen o[ti evn auvtw/| evsmenÅ

11. For Next Week Vocab quiz from chapter 16. Workbook Exercise #16.
Read chapter 17 on Contract Verbs, pp