1. Cellular Respiration AP Biology

2. The Equation C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 0 + ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 = glucose 6O 2 = oxygen gas 6CO 2 = carbon dioxide 6H 2 0 = water ATP = energy

3. Redox Reaction C 6 H 12 O 6 Loses electrons Oxidized to CO 2 O 2 Gains electrons Reduced to H 2 O

4. What happens….. High energy electrons (e-) Stripped from C 6 H 12 O 6 Used to do work - create H+ concentration gradient Finally accepted by oxygen (O 2 )

5. Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration Structure

6. Mitochondria Relating structure to function Intermembrane space Allows for the accumulation of H+ Membranes not permeable to H+

7. Mitochondria Relating structure to function Inner membrane Cristae Large surface area for ETC

8. Mitochondria Relating structure to function Matrix Segregates chemicals of Krebs cycle

9. NADH Production Enzymes dehydrogenases Remove 2 hydrogens (2 H+ and 2 e-) from substrate Add 2 electrons and 1 H+ to NAD+ 2 e- + 1 H+ + NAD+  NADH NAD+ reduced

10. Glycolysis

12. Energy investment Uses 2 ATP molecules Splits glucose

13. Glycolysis Energy yielding 4 ATP molecules produced by substrate level phosphorylation 2 pyruvate (3-C) produced Electrons transferred to NAD+ 2 NADH produced

14. Glycolysis Location Cytosol of cell Outside mitochondria Cytosol – outside mitochondrion

15. Acetyl CoA Prep CO 2 removed from pyruvate NADH produced Coenzyme A added to acetyl group (2-C) Acetyl CoA produced Location = matrix of mitochondria

16. Krebs Cycle

18. Krebs Cycle - One Turn Acetyl group (2-C) added to oxaloacetate (4-C) forming citrate (6-C) 2 CO 2 lost 3 NAD+ reduced to 3 NADH 1 FAD reduced to 1 FADH 2 1 ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation Oxaloacetate regenerated

19. Krebs Cycle – 1 Glucose – 2 Turns 4 CO 2 lost 6 NAD+ reduced to 6 NADH 2 FAD reduced to 2 FADH 2 2 ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation

20. Krebs Cycle Location = matrix of mitochondria

21. ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation

23. NADH & FADH 2 pass electrons to molecules in electron transport chain Electrons passed from molecule to molecule When some molecules accept electrons they must also accept H+ H+ released into intermembrane space when electrons passed to next molecule

24. ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation Energy from electrons used to move H+ into intermembrane space Electrons accepted by oxygen 2e- + 2H+ + ½ O 2  H 2 O

25. ETC & Oxidative Phosphorylation Channel proteins allow H+ to diffuse down concentration gradient ATP synthase uses KE of H+ moving down concentration gradient to add P to ADP making ATP

26. ATP Production Glycolysis 4 ATP (2 net) Substrate level phosphorylation Krebs 2 ATP Substrate level phosphorylation

27. ATP Production ETC & oxidative phosphorylation 2 NADH from glycolysis = 4 to 6 ATP 2 NADH from acetyl CoA prep = 6 ATP 6 NADH from Krebs cycle = 18 ATP 2 FADH 2 from Krebs cycle = 4 ATP

28. ATP Production Total = 36 to 38 ATP per glucose