1. Background and effects
The Mongols
Background and effects

2. Chronology of the Mongol Empire
Background
Chronology of the Mongol Empire
Reign of Chinggis Khan
Conquest of northern China
Conquest of Persia
Conquest of Russia
Capture of Baghdad
Conquest of southern China

3. Mongolian Conquests First Period - 1206
Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia. Parts of China and Russia

4. Mongolian Conquests Second Period 1206 - 1219
Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia. Parts of China, Russia, and Kazakhstan

5. Mongolian Conquests Third Period 1219 - 1223
Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Parts of China, Russia, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan

6. Mongolian Conquests Fourth Period 1223 – 1227 Death of Chinggis Khan
Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Parts of China, Russia, Korea, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and India.

7. Mongolian Conquests Fifth Period 1227 - 1237
Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan. Parts of China, Russia, Korea, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, India, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

8. Mongolian Conquests Sixth Period 1237 - 1259
Modern Territory Ruled: Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Korea, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia.
Parts of China, Russia, Pakistan, India, Iraq, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, and Romania.

9. The Mongols and the Eurasian Empire
Built ??? Stretching from ??? To ???
13.8 million square miles
??? People under Mongol rule

10. The Mongol Empire at its height

11. Who were the Mongols? From ??? Nomadic peoples
United under ???? (or Chinggis Khan)
“Courage Culture” – WHAT IS THIS?

12. Inner Eurasia
Steppe
Outer Eurasia

13. How would you characterize this region?
The Steppe
How would you characterize this region?

14. Temujin Born ??? Fatherless Master of ????
Courage in battle, making ???, threats of ???, deception, trickery, and clan ???

15. Temujin Warlike and merciless
“Man’s greatest joy is in victory: to conquer one’s enemies, to pursue them, to deprive them of their possessions, to make their beloved weep, to ride on their horses, and to embrace their wives and daughters…”
Warlike and merciless
Fighting wasn’t enough – only winning was important
1206 CE – made “Chinggis Khan” or ???

16. Mongol Art of War Large, mobile ??? Expert ??? Use of ???
All soldiers ???
Battle tactics – used ???
A “ger” or “yurt”

17. Mongol Art of War “Cutting Edge Weapons” Accurate and powerful ???
Highly protective ???
Use of ???

18. Psychological Warfare
Mongols would slaughter the inhabitants of a few cities. WHY???
A Persian Observer from the 13th century:
“In one stroke, a world which billowed with fertility was laid desolate, and the regions thereof became a desert, and the greater part of the living and their skin and bones crumbling in the dust; and the mighty were humbled and immersed in the calamities of perdition…”
Historian John Fairbank:
“By putting cities to the sword, they let terror run ahead of them.”

19. Background
After the death of Chinggis Khan, problems with??? Led to ???

20. Effects of Mongol Rule Effects on Eurasia
Pax Mongolia – under the Mongols there was:
Unprecedented ???
Widespread exchange of ???
Widespread ??? Mongols were ???
Stable government based on ??
Establishment of ??? (Yasa)
Religious ???

21. Mongol Effects on Eurasia
Black Plague
Mongols used ??? As ??? At the Battle of Kalla
Spread disease to Western Europe
How???

22. BUT the Mongols did not produce:
Any technological breakthroughs
A new religion
Many written books
Any permanent structures (other than bridges)
Any architectural achievements

23. Mongol Effects on Europe
Western Europe
Mongols turned away from ??? Which means ???
W.E. gains due to ???
Strong relationship between ??? Led to???
Increased trade (Where?) led to spread of ???

24. Mongol Effects on Europe
Eastern Europe
Mongols defeated ??? Because ???
Eastern Europe was ??? So…???

25. Mongol Effects on Europe
Russia
Mongol defeat of ??? In 1224 puts Russian people under Mongol rule
Most cities ???, rest had to ???
Local Russian rulers were ???
Few ??? In Russia. WHY???

26. Mongol Effects on Europe
Rise of Muscovy (Moscow)
Mongol destruction of ??? Leads to ???
Moscow becomes ???
Ivan III defeats the Mongols in 1480, Mongol rule over Russia ends
Mongol rule limited ??? Leads to:
???

27. Mongol Effects on Japan and Korea
Mongols fail to conquer Japan
Tried to ???
Mongol rule – little to no effect on Japan
Korea – Mongols defeated the Koryo dynasty
Economy and ??? Suffered. WHY??
Ruling family ??? But Mongols ???

28. Mongol Effects on SE Asia
Mongols conquered ??? And Laos but ???
Failed to conquer Vietnam – WHY???
Mongols encouraged Chinese merchants to ??? – WHY???
Vietnam defeats Mongols

29. Mongol Effects on SW Asia
Muslim societies of SW Asia had ???
Baghdad ?? And Abbasid Empire ???
Mongols controlled Islamic world from ??? To ???
What ISLAMIC areas remained outside of Mongol control?
Mongol rule allowed ??? Culture after ???

30. Mongol Effects on China
Mongols defeat ??? And establish the Yuan Dynasty
Abolished ??? WHY???
But continued ???
Promoted trade and commerce – Led to ???
Encouraged the movement of ???
Supported ??? How??
But….????

31. Cultural Effects of the Yuan Dynasty
Protected Mongol identity
Forbidding Mongols to ???
Chinese were forbidden ???
Mongols did not accept ???
Opted instead to ??? – Led to??
Religious toleration encouraged

32. Social Effects of the Yuan Dynasty
New Social Hierarchy – based on ???, put ??? At the bottom
Han Chinese were ???
But….???
Women – were expected to ???, rejected ???

33. Marco Polo en route to China
Kublai Khan
How does this look sinicized?
Grandson of ???
Well-educated
Preferred ??? – Not ???
Extends ??? To Beijing
Wanted to appear more ???
Chinese and foreign advisors – like ???
In private ???
Marco Polo en route to China

34. Fall of the Yuan Dynasty
Shortest-lived of the major Chinese Dynasties (1264CE to 1368 CE)
Decline caused by:
Series of weak rulers
Lack of cohesion due to ???
Chinese never ???
High ???
???

35. Fall of the Yuan Dynasty
Overthrown by Zhu Yuanzhang (When???)
Buddhist monk
Establishes ???