1. Sexually Transmitted Infections

2. Fluid Exchange Game 1 large container full of water
1 small container with 1 teaspoon of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Phenol Red Indicator solution or phenolphthalein
Small plastic cups (3 oz or less) or test tubes- one for each participant
1 eye dropper
Straws (cut in half) – one for each participant

3. Groupings of STI’s Bacterial Viral Parasitic/Fungal Chlamydia
Genital Herpes
Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)
Gonorrhea
Hepatitis B
Pubic Lice/Scabies
Syphilis
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
Trichomoniasis
HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

4. Do a Carousel for this lesson.

5. Chlamydia

6. Chlamydia Transmission
Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted bacterial infection. It is among the most common STIs in the world.
Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with a person who has Chlamydia.
It can also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth

7. Chlamydia Symptoms Watery or milky discharge from penis
Men (Symptoms)
Women (Symptoms)
Watery or milky discharge from penis
Burning when urinating
Pain or swelling of the testicles
Itchy urethra
Unusual discharge from the vagina
Bleeding/spotting between periods
Bleeding or pain during or after sex
Lower abdominal pain

8. Chlamydia
Testing
Testing for chlamydia can be performed with a swabbing of the infected area.
Treatment
Chlamydia infection can be cured with antibiotics, usually with a single dose.

9. Gonorrhea

10. Gonorrhea Transmission
Gonorrhea is a bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection.
Gonorrhea is spread through unprotected oral, anal and vaginal sex with an infected person.
It can also be spread from an infected mother to her baby during birth.

11. Gonorrhea Symptoms Men (Symptoms) Women (Symptoms)
Yellow/green pus from the penis; discharge
Burning/pain when urinating
Rectal discharge from anal sex
Blood in the stool
Sore throat from oral sex
Testicular pain or swelling
Itchy
Burning during urination
Abnormal vaginal bleeding or pain
Thick yellowish-white vaginal discharge
Pain during intercourse

12. Gonorrhea
Testing
For men and women, testing for gonorrhea requires a swabbing of the infected area or a urine sample.
Treatment
Oral antibiotics can usually cure a gonorrhea infection in just one dose.

13. Syphilis

14. Syphilis Transmission Syphilis is a bacterial STI.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that is passed along through anal, vaginal or oral sex.
An infected pregnant woman can also pass along the infection to her unborn child.

15. Syphilis
Symptoms
Symptoms are the same for both males and females. However many people have no symptoms
Painless sores from pinpoint size to as large as a quarter
Flu-like symptoms, fever, fatigue, pain in the joints and muscles
Painless rash on hands, feet or whole body
Swollen lymph nodes
Hair loss
Untreated may result in headache, dizziness, changes in personality, dementia

16. Syphilis Testing Treatment
To test for syphilis a doctor requires blood tests to be done.
Treatment
Doctors will prescribe antibiotics to contain and kill the bacteria.

17. Genital Herpes

18. Genital Herpes Transmission
Genital Herpes is caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) which is from the same family of viruses that cause cold sores.
Cold sores are HSV-1,
Genital Herpes is called HSV-2.
However, both types can infect the genital areas, causing painful sores.
Genital Herpes is spread through skin-to-skin contact with an infected area, typically during oral, anal or vaginal sex.
Can be spread from mother to child during birth.
HSV-1 can also be transmitted through kissing.

19. Genital Herpes Tingling or itching of the skin around the genitals
Symptoms for both men and women include:
Tingling or itching of the skin around the genitals
One or a group of painful, watery blisters in or around the genitals, or wherever there is skin to skin contact (hips, nipples, anus)
These blisters break and form open sores that crust or scab lasting 7-21 days
Flu-like symptoms (usually during the outbreak)
Tender, swollen glands in the groin
Outbreaks of herpes that vary and can return as often as every month or as rarely as once a year or longer
Burning when you urinate (pee)

20. Genital Herpes Testing
A swab of the sores and affected area. For women a pelvic exam may reveal Herpes.
Treatment
There is no cure for Herpes, but effective treatments for outbreaks do exist to keep the virus at bay when it starts to reappear.
Infected pregnant women can pass the virus to infants during birth.

21. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

22. HIV
Transmission
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and is the virus that causes AIDS.
HIV is an incurable sexually transmitted virus that attacks and weakens a person’s immune system.
Contact with blood, semen, vaginal secretions or breast milk.
Unprotected sex including vaginal, anal, oral sex and sharing of sex toys.
Sharing of needles, syringes and other drug supplies.

23. HIV Symptoms Male No known symptoms
Female
No known symptoms
NOTE: For both sexes it often takes many years before a person infected with HIV displays any symptoms of infection. During this time a person may spread the virus to many people.
Pain in the pelvic area (lower stomach)
May feel like a bladder infection, appendicitis or cramps
Unusual pain during intercourse or during menstrual period
Abdominal vaginal discharge
Fever or chills
Some women do not have any symptoms

24. HIV
Testing
A doctor will require blood work. There could be a 3-6 month window period between being exposed and a virus testing positive.
Treatment
Though there is no cure for HIV, treatment has progressed dramatically. People who are infected with HIV are living longer without opportunistic infection or other serious diseases.

25. Hepatitis B

26. Hepatitis B Transmission
Contact with blood, semen or vaginal secretions
Unprotected sex through anal, vaginal or oral sex
Pregnancy – from an infected mother to an unborn baby during childbirth
Use or re-use of needles or syringes with traces of the blood of an infected person (eg: tattooing, sharing needles, piercing)
Exposure to infected blood or blood products

27. Hepatitis B Symptoms - Same for males and females
45-60 days after exposure, may develop
Fever
Nausea
Weight loss/ loss of appetite
Yellow tinge to skin or whites of the eyes
Dark coloured urine, pale stool
Skin rash
Swollen, painful joints
Fatigue
Pain over liver (right side of abdomen under ribcage)
50% show no signs of infection

28. Hepatitis B Testing Blood tests can be ordered by your doctor.
Treatment
There are some treatments available for chronic hepatitis B infections that help control the virus from spreading. However, these medications are not recommended for everyone.
Immunization vaccine is available for males and females.

29. HPV (Human Papillomavirus)

30. HPV
Transmission
Through direct skin to skin contact or unprotected vaginal, oral or anal sex
HPV infects cells inside and outside of the body.
Most people who get HPV don’t have any signs or symptoms and may unknowingly spread the disease.

31. HPV
Symptoms
Males
Females
Warts may be round, flat or raised small cauliflower-like bumps that are flesh/grey coloured
Warts can be single or in clusters
Warts can be found in and around the genital area.
Symptoms similar to male symptoms along with;
They can also appear on the vaginal walls and cervix (opening of the uterus)
Itchy or irritated; bleeding

32. HPV Testing For males a physical exam is required
Females will need a pap test that will show cell changes caused by HPV
Treatment
Medication can be applied to the wart
Warts may be removed by surgery or laser
Immunization Vaccine is available for male and females

33. Pubic Lice/Scabies

34. Pubic Lice Transmission
Measuring in at about a millimeter tall, pubic lice are tiny crab-like insects that nest in pubic hair.  They bury their heads into the skin and live off human blood, laying their egg sacks near the base of the pubic hairs.
It can be transmitted from sexual and non-sexual skin to skin contact
By sharing clothes, towels, soap, bedding or sleeping bags
Note: Pubic lice can live off the body hours

35. Pubic Lice
Symptoms
Pubic lice and nits are small and can be difficult to spot. Infected individuals may experience:
Skin irritation and inflammation accompanied by itchiness and redness.
Small blue spots on the skin where lice have bitten.
Louse feces - fine black particles - in the infected person’s undergarments.

36. Pubic Lice
Testing
Healthcare professionals inspect the area for the crabs and the small greyish-white eggs they lay with a microscope or magnifying glass.
Treatment
Specialized medicated shampoos and lotions that can be purchased at a pharmacy, clinic or doctor’s office.
Usually one wash is all it takes.

37. Scabies What are scabies?
Scabies are parasitic mites that dig holes (burrow) under the surface of the skin and lay eggs.
The larvae that hatch move to new areas of the body and spread the infection.
Mites prefer warm areas such as the folds of skin on the elbows, wrists, buttocks, knees, shoulder blades, waist, breasts, and penis, between the fingers, and under the nails.
Transmission
Same as pubic lice

38. Scabies
Symptoms, Testing and Treatment
Same as pubic lice