1. Levers

2. First Class Lever Fulcrum is between input force and the load
Always change the direction of the input force

3. Number of Class 1 Levers Used:
Item
Number of Class 1 Levers Used
see-saw
                     
a single class 1 lever
hammer's claws
                 
scissors
              
2 class 1 levers
pliers
             

4. 2nd Class Lever The load is between the fulcrum and the effort force
The direction of the input force is not changed
MA greater than one
But the force must be exerted over a greater distance

5. Number of Class 2 Levers Used:
Item
Number of Class 2 Levers Used
stapler
                         
a single class 2 lever
bottle opener
wheelbarrow
nail clippers
Two class 2 levers
nut cracker

6. 3rd Class Lever Input force is between the fulcrum and the load
They do not change the direction of the input force
MA of less than one
Output force is always less than the input force
The distance the output force is exerted is increased

7. Number of Class 3 Levers Used:
Item
Number of Class 3 Levers Used
fishing rod
                  
a single class 3 lever
tweezers
Two class 3 levers
tongs
                                 

8. Pulley’s
Pulley – moveable wheel with a groove for rope or chain to run through
Cranes, construction equipment, flagpoles, cars
2 reasons we use pulleys
Change a forces direction
To make work easier

9. Single Pulley Changes the direction of the force MA= 1
Effort distance equal to resistance distance

10. Single Moveable Pulley
Usually one stationary pulley and one moveable
MA= 2
Effort distance must be twice as long as resistance distance

11. Block and tackle System of fixed and moveable pulley’s
MA is equal to the number of strands that support the load
MA = 4
Effort distance is four times longer than resistance distance

12. Other machines
Wheel and axle- a shaft or axle connected to a larger wheel that rotate together
Ex. Screwdriver, doorknob, faucets
IMA = radius of wheel radius of axle

13. Inclined Plane
Inclined plane- sloping surface that reduces the amount of force required to do work
Ex. Ramps
IMA= length of slope height of slope

14. Others Screw- inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
Ex. Jar lids, bolts, screws

15. Wedge
Wedge- inclined plane with one or more sloping surfaces, changes the direction of the input force
Ex. ax, knife,

16. Compound machines
Compound machine- several simple machines that operate together