1. Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function
Section 1: Cell Discovery and Theory
Section 2: The Plasma Membrane
Section 3: Structures and Organelles
Section 4: Cellular Transport

2. 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory

3. Checkpoint
Can cells appear spontaneously without genetic material from previous cells? Explain why or why not.

4. Cellular Structure and Function
Light Microscopes
use glass lenses and light to magnify an image or stained specimen
magnifies up to 1,000x actual size
Compound scopes – use series of lenses, multiple lenses

5. Electron Microscopes WWII, 1940s
Cellular Structure and Function
Electron Microscopes
WWII, 1940s
Uses magnet to aim beam of electrons at thin slices of cells
Magnifies up to 500,000x
Can see individual parts of cells

6. Electron Microscopes Transmission EM Scanning EM
Cellular Structure and Function
Electron Microscopes
Transmission EM Scanning EM

7. Cellular Structure and Function
Tunneling EM
Uses charged tip of a probe close to specimen so electrons “tunnel” through small gap
Can magnify atoms!

8. Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
Cellular Structure and Function
Atomic Force Microscope
(AFM)
very high-resolution type of microscopy
demonstrated resolution of fractions of a nanometer (10-9)

9. 1- genetic material to make what they need
Cellular Structure and Function
All cells:
1- genetic material to make what they need
2- bread down molecules to generate energy for metabolims
Prokaryotic Cell
Simple structure
Contains plasma membrane
Does not contain membrane-bound organelles
11,000x

10. Prokaryotic Cells Simple structure, small size
Cellular Structure and Function
Prokaryotic Cells
Simple structure, small size
Contains plasma membrane, nucleus
Most are unicellular,
such as bacteria
Do not contain membrane-bound organelles
Similar to first cells on Earth
11,000x

11. Cellular Structure and Function
Eukaryotic Cells
More complex structure, 1-100x larger than prokaryotes
Contains plasma membrane, nucleus
Contains nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Allow cell functions to happen in different parts of cell at same time
Mostly multicellular organisms

12. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Cellular Structure and Function
Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

13. Cell diversity WHY 2 types of cells?
Cellular Structure and Function
Cell diversity
WHY 2 types of cells?
Eukaryotic thought to evolve from prokaryotes.
Symbiotic relationship between pro and eu cells, called Endosymbiont Theory
What would life be like if eukaryotic cells did not evolve, and Earth only had prokaryotes?

14. Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Formative Questions
Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek designed microscopes that enabled them to see organelles within the cells they observed. A B
true
false
FQ 1

15. Which is not a part of the cell theory?
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
Which is not a part of the cell theory?
Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living things.
All living things are composed of one or more cells.
Cells arise only from previously existing cells.
Cells are produced spontaneously as an organism grows. A B C D
CDQ 2

16. If you wanted to see a three-dimensional
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
Chapter Diagnostic Questions
If you wanted to see a three-dimensional
image of DNA from a live specimen, which
type of microscope would you use?
scanning electron microscope
transmission electron microscope
scanning tunneling microscope
simple light microscope A B C D
CDQ 1

17. transmission electron microscope scanning electron microscope
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Formative Questions
Which type of electron microscope directs electrons over the surface of a nonliving specimen, producing a three-dimensional image?
transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope
scanning tunneling electron microscope
atomic force microscope A B C D
FQ 2

18. Plasma Membrane Thin, flexible boundary between cell and environment
Cellular Structure and Function
Plasma Membrane
Thin, flexible boundary between cell and environment
Allows nutrients in
Allows waste to leave cell
Also controls how much
of substance can move
through membrane
“selective permeability”

19. Plasma membrane made of phospholipids arranged in a bilayer.
Cellular Structure and Function
Plasma membrane made of phospholipids arranged in a bilayer.
phospholipid composed of phosphate head & 2 lipid tails

20. Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipid bilayer allows other molecules to “float” in membrane.
Other Components
Proteins
Cholesterol
Carbohydrates
fluid mosaic model

21. Proteins Transmit signals inside cell Act as a support structure
Cellular Structure and Function
Proteins
Transmit signals inside cell
Act as a support structure
Provide pathways for substances to enter and leave

22. Cholesterol Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together
Cellular Structure and Function
Cholesterol
Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking together
Keeps membrane fluidity, watery

23. Carbohydrates Identify chemical signals outside of cell
Cellular Structure and Function
Carbohydrates
Identify chemical signals outside of cell

24. Cellular Structure and Function

25. Checkpoint
Define the term selective permeability. Describe the benefit of a bilayer structure for the plasma membrane.

26. All cells, whether eukaryotic or prokaryotic, have a plasma membrane.
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Formative Questions
All cells, whether eukaryotic or prokaryotic, have a plasma membrane.
true
false A B
FQ 3

27. What feature of eukaryotic cells has enabled
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.1 Formative Questions
What feature of eukaryotic cells has enabled
them to develop more specific functions than
prokaryotic cells?
nucleus
organelles
genetic material (DNA)
larger cell size A B C D
FQ 4

28. Which term describes the function of proteins
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 Formative Questions
Which term describes the function of proteins
found on the outer surface of the plasma
membrane?
identifiers
receptors
supporters
transporters A B C D
FQ 5

29. Which component of the plasma membrane
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 Formative Questions
Which component of the plasma membrane
contributes to the fluidity of the plasma
membrane?
phospholipids
proteins
carbohydrates
cholesterol molecules A B C D
FQ 6

30. What is the function of carbohydrates that
Chapter 7
Cellular Structure and Function
7.2 Formative Questions
What is the function of carbohydrates that
stick out from the outer surface of the plasma
membrane?
They give the cell shape and enable it to move.
They give the plasma membrane fluidity.
They help the cell identify chemical signals.
They hold the cell in place. A B C D
FQ 7