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Published byPeregrine Knight Modified over 9 years ago
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Contain carbon C, H and O Include sugars and starches
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Classified according to size Monosaccharides—simple sugars (contain 3-7 carbon atoms) Disaccharides—two simple sugars joined by dehydration synthesis Polysaccharides—long-branching chains of linked simple sugars
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Simple sugars Single chain/single rings structure Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose
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Double sugars Formed by Dehydration Synthesis
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Glucose and Fructose are joined involving the removal of water molecule Dehydration Synthesis THIS IS HOW CARBOHYDRATES ARE BUILT UP FROM THEIR BASIC BUILDING BLOCKS!
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Sucrose is broken down to simple sugar units when the reaction is reversed – water molecule added Hydrolysis
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Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Insoluble in water
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Neutral fats (triglycerides) Found in fat deposits Source of stored energy
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Phospholipids Form cell membranes
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Phospholipids Form cell membranes
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Steroids Include cholesterol, bile salts, vitamin D, and some hormones
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Cholesterol The basis for all steroids made in the body
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Account for over half of the body’s organic matter Act as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies
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Fibrous proteins Also known as structural proteins Appear in body structures Examples: collagen and keratin Stable
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Globular proteins Also known as functional proteins Function as antibodies or enzymes Can be denatured
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DEMO
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Functional Proteins Act as biological catalysts Increase the rate of chemical reactions WITHOUT BECOMING PART OF THE PRODUCT OR BEING CHANGED ITSELF! So what does this mean?
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VERY specific function Enzymes can be recognized by the suffix –ase
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Provide blueprint of life Nucleotide bases A = Adenine G = Guanine C = Cytosine T = Thymine U = Uracil (RNA) Make DNA and RNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Complimentary bases form double helix Replicates before cell division Provides instructions for every protein in the body
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