1. NEUTRALIZATION REACTIONS Acids and Bases

2. What is an acid? A compound which reacts to release H+ ions into solution.  HCl  H+ and Cl-

3. Conjugate base The negative ion formed when an acid loses an H+ is called a conjugate base. It is considered a “base” because it can regain the hydrogen ion:  H2O   HNO3   What is the conjugate acid for?  HCO3- :

4. Neutralization Reaction: Acid + Base  Salt and H2O (and sometimes CO2 gas is released!) Demo  Self-inflating balloons!

5. Energy Preview: How do you think energy played a role in the rearrangement of molecules:

6. Determining Concentration of Acids and Bases Titration:  By combining a known concentration of base with an acid you can determine the concentration (molarity) of the acid.  Why might this be useful?

7. Effects of Acid Rain

8. Titration Indicator: A chemical that changes color at a specific pH.  Identifies the equivalence point: the point where the concentration of acid & base are stoichiometrically equal.

9. Simulation: Practice a titration by completing the virtual titration lab.  We will do a real titration on Friday!  This will allow you to become familiar with the procedure and the calculations!

10. Molarity  pH How do we use molarity to determine pH? pH scale is logarithmic…what does that mean?  pH = -log [H+]  pOH = - log [OH-]  [H+] * [OH-] = 1 X 10 14  pH + pOH = 14

11. Find the pH H+ =[0.0024 M] OH- = [3.5 X 10-6 M]

12. Find the pOH OH- = [0.5 M] H+ = [1.5 X 10 -5 M]

13. Determining multiple measures of concentration If you have a 1.5 M solution of H2SO4, determine:  Concentration of H+ ions  Concentration of OH- ions  pH  pOH

14. What are acids and bases doing in a solution of water?