1. Kennedy & the Cold War

2. Election of 1960 Frustrations with Eisenhower mounted USSR launched Sputnik U-2 incident Cuba joining with Soviet Union ARE WE LOSING THE COLD WAR? Democrats John F. Kennedy: MA Senator (43 yrs. old) How did he win? TV Civil Rights Issues Republicans Richard M. Nixon: Ike’s VP

3. Senator of Massachusetts 43 years old 2 nd youngest President “Handsome & charismatic” Comes from wealthy family Roman Catholic Pulitzer Prize winner VP: Lyndon B. Johnson “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.”

4. The Kennedys America became fascinated by the new first family Children: John and Caroline play in the Oval Office Right: John with wife Jackie

5. Objective 5: Describe and analyze the foreign policy during the Kennedy Presidency

6. Hit the Ground Running Surrounded himself with the best and brightest Appointed brother (Robert Kennedy)  Attorney General Established new military policy Flexible response: strengthen military, modernize to fight nonnuclear war

7. Crisis Over Cuba Cuba : Located 90 miles off coast of Florida Eisenhower cut relations with new Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro who openly declared himself a Communist & welcomed Soviet Union aid Fidel Castro Gained power in 1959 after leading a guerilla war against dictator Fulgencio Batista Broke up commercialized farms (controlled by American companies) Communist dictator

8. Kennedy Administration & the Cold War 1. Log into your tablets and go to my file manager on the WDBQ high school website. 2. Click Cold War 3. Open Kennedy Administration Readings

9. BAY OF PIGS Mar 1960: Eisenhower gave permission to plan CIA trained Cuban exiles for invasion Kennedy approved final go ahead for invasion April 17, 1961: 1300-1500 Cuban exiles (supported by U.S. military) landed on the island’s southern coast ~ Bahia de Cochinos = BAY OF PIGS Exiles met with 25,000 Cuban troops backed by Soviet Union

10. Complete Disaster ~ 120 killed in combat ~1200 captured 100s being executed later Complete embarrassment for JFK who took full responsibility for invasion Castro celebrated “defeat of North American mercenaries” Kennedy will pay $53 mil for captives

11. Crisis in Berlin Prior to Cuban missile crisis Khrushchev & Kennedy battled it out in Germany Kennedy refused to give up West Berlin (Must Stop Spread of Communism) Led to building of the Berlin Wall: concrete wall topped with barbed wire dividing East and West Germany Soviets had to keep people from leaving East Berlin

13. Cuban Missile Crisis Powerful alliance built between Castro & Khrushchev Soviets will defend Cuba with Soviet arms Summer 1962 – Soviet increased # of weapons (including nukes) sent to Cuba

14. 0ct 14, 1962 : U-2 pilot, Heyser, photographed Soviet missile bases n Cuba (Ready to launch)

16. Cuban Missile Crisis October 22: Kennedy addresses nation about pending situation “U.S. WILL”NOT TOLERATE NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN CUBA” – Kennedy October 24: Kennedy implements naval “quarantine” of Cuba No Soviet ships can reach Cuba October 25, 1962: Soviet ships approaching Cuba come to Halt October 28: Khrushchev announces removal of missiles from Cuba If U.S. will not invade Cuba Secretly agreed to remove missiles from Turkey

18. Aftermath Soviet Union : Khrushchev’s reputation severally damaged United States: Kennedy was criticized for not doing enough to stop this from even happening & “losing Cuba” Cuba: Castro closed Cuba’s doors Relationship Timeline: 1903:U.S. leased Guantanamo Bay from Cuba 2009: Obama has stated he is open to communication with Cuba -reversed some of the restrictions on remittances and travel set by his predecessor, George W. Bush. 2012: Raúl Castro “Cuba is open to hold talks with U.S.” - lift exit Visa limits on Cubans 2014:U.S. President Barack Obama and Cuban President Raul Castro announce the restoration of full diplomatic ties January 2015:New travel and trade regulations were enacted that enable U.S. travelers to visit Cuba without first obtaining a government license. http://www.cfr.org/cuba/us-cuba-relations/p11113