1. 100 Political Beginnings Major Concepts ConstitutionFederalismPolitical Parties 200 300 400 500 100 500 400 300 200 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200

2. What was the first attempt of a government by the United States? ANSWER

3. Articles of Confederation #1

4. What was the main problem with the Articles of Confederation? ANSWER

5. Weak central government #2

6. What was the structure of the government under the Articles of Confederation? ANSWER

7. Unicameral Congress No executive or judicial branch #3

8. What is a dictatorship? ANSWER

9. A form of government in which the leader has absolute power and authority #14

10. What features did state constitutions and the Articles of Confederation have in common? ANSWER

11. Popular sovereignty and limited government #8

12. What is popular sovereignty? ANSWER

13. The people hold all political power and the government rules with consent of the governed #9

14. What are the four characteristics of the state? ANSWER

15. Population, Government, Territory, Sovereignty #6

16. What is the difference between a presidential government and parliamentary government ANSWER

17. Parliamentary government: form of government in which the executive branch is made up the prime minister elected from the legislative branch Presidential government: government in which the executive and legislative branches of the government are separate, independent, and coequal #13

18. What are the five concepts of democracy? ANSWER

19. Worth of the Individual Equality of all persons Majority rules, Minority rights Compromise Individual Freedom #7

20. Explain the Social Contract Theory ANSWER

21. People entered into a contract w/ the government; they gave up some of their liberty for the government to protect their life, liberty, and property Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau = Social Contract Theorists #4

22. What was The Federalist? ANSWER

23. Series of letters written to the people of New York that urged ratification of the Constitution #10

24. What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? ANSWER

25. To ensure individual rights #11 & 15

26. How has the Constitution been able to last so long? ANSWER

27. It is a living document and has the ability to change (amendment) #12

28. Describe ‘Separation of Powers’ ANSWER

29. Separation of the government’s power into three different branches: legislative, executive, and judicial #16

30. What is the Constitutional basis for implied powers? ANSWER

31. Necessary and Proper Clause #17

32. What is federalism? ANSWER

33. The division of power between the nation and state #5

34. Which clause in the Constitution requires states to honor each other’s documents, licenses, etc? ANSWER

35. Full Faith and Credit Clause #17

36. What are exclusive powers? ANSWER

37. Exclusive powers: powers that can be exercised by the National government alone #18

38. What are concurrent powers? ANSWER

39. Concurrent powers: powers both the National government and states possess and exercise #18

40. Explain the Supremacy Clause ANSWER

41. Maintains that the Constitution is the Supreme law of the land #17

42. Which type of minor party tends to be long lived? ANSWER

43. Ideological Single issue parties are short lived #19

44. How do people join a political party? ANSWER

45. Personal choice – they pick their party #20

46. What is the best way to measure public opinion? ANSWER

47. Scientific poll #30

48. What is the most significant indicator of a person’s partisan voting? ANSWER

49. Party identification N/A

50. What are the five functions of a political party? ANSWER

51. Nominate Candidates Inform/Activate Supporters Bonding Agent Govern Watch dog N/A

52. 100 Elections and Money CongressPresidencyJudiciary 200 300 400 500 100 500 400 300 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200

53. Why is money important to an individual’s campaign? ANSWER

54. Makes them known to public through television and other ads #25

55. What do candidates spend most of their money on? ANSWER

56. Television ads #27

57. Who can make campaign contributions? ANSWER

58. Individuals, businesses, unions, and other organizations #26

59. How are campaign contributions limited? ANSWER

60. Foreigners can’t give $; Limits on amount of money one is allowed to contribute #26

61. What is the difference between and open and closed primary? ANSWER

62. Open primary: anyone can vote Closed primary: only declared party members can vote #28

63. How long does a Senator’s term last? ANSWER

64. 6 years #32

65. Who is presiding officer of the Senate in the Vice President’s absence? ANSWER

66. President Pro Tempore #39

67. What do committees do? ANSWER

68. Screen bills; divide the workload of Congress #33

69. How is debate different in the House and Senate? ANSWER

70. Debate in the House is strictly limited; there are few limitations on debate in the Senate #38

71. What did the 17 th Amendment do? ANSWER

72. Allowed for popular/direct election of Senators; Senators were previously chosen by State Legislatures #36

73. How is the number of presidential electors figured out for each state? ANSWER

74. Representatives + Senators #42

75. What are the President’s options when he receives a bill? ANSWER

76. Sign it Veto it Do nothing – allowing it to become law Pocket veto #46

77. What two duties are assigned to the Vice President? ANSWER

78. Preside over Senate Decide presidential disability #43

79. How do diplomats, judges, Cabinet members, etc get their jobs? ANSWER

80. President appoints and Senate approves #47

81. What is the major flaw of the electoral college? ANSWER

82. The winner of the popular vote is not guaranteed the presidency #44

83. What type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have? ANSWER

84. Original and Appellate #51

85. What federal court has original jurisdiction in MOST cases heard in federal court? ANSWER

86. District courts #49 – sort of

87. What is a writ of certiorari? ANSWER

88. An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review #57

89. What is significant about Marbury v. Madison ANSWER

90. Established Judicial review #50

91. What is due process? ANSWER

92. The government must act fairly and according to rules; no state can deny basic rights to its people #54