1. Water Turbines Primarily in France Types Scoop Wheel Tub Wheel
Reaction Wheel
Turbines
Axial
Reaction

2. Scoop Wheel Small Installations on Creeks
Horizontal Wheel - Vertical Axis
Millstone
High Speed

3. Spoon (scoop) Wheel

4. Tub Wheels Large Installations on Rivers and Dams
Required Small Fall & Large Volume
Wood Wheel with Helicoidal Paddles
Flume Generally Narrowed
Totally immersed in Water
Efficiency - 25 %

5. Tub Wheel

6. Reaction Wheel Barker (1740s) Euler (1754) Mannoury d’Ectot
Top Drum Stationary - Reservoir
Ensures Even Distribution of Incoming
Conical Drum with Tubes Rotates
Ensures Even Discharge
Mannoury d’Ectot
Water Input From Bottom
Never Built (1807)

7. Barker’s Water Engine (Early 18th Century)

8. Euler’s Wheel (1754)

9. Mannoury d’Ectot’s Wheel -Hydraulic Lever (1807)

10. Burdin (1820s) Water Wheel Water Turbine Based on Euler’s Work
Stationary Reservoir
Inclined Nozzles - Alternating
Efficiency - 67%
Water Turbine
Stationary Reservoir & Revolving Casing
Guide Vanes on Reservoir & Rotor
Functions while Submerged
No Loss of Head

11. Burdin’s Wheel (Before 1827)

12. Burdin’s Turbine - Revolving Ring (1827)

13. Fourneyron Studied Under Burdin Societe d’Encouragement Award
Industrial Applications
Crank Controlled Sluice
Variable Flow
Efficiency - 70%

14. Fourneyron’s Turbine (1832)

15. Fourneyron’s Turbine Used in Industry

16. Fontaine-Baron Stationary Reservoir Lower Rotor
Complicated Sluice Device
Varied Height of Vanes
Later Brass Vanes Deflected Depending on Water Force

17. Fontaine-Baron’s Axial Turbine (1840)

18. Blades in Fontaine -Baron Turbine

19. Jonval- Koechlin Opposite of Fourneyron and Fontaine
Rotor Above Stationary
Flowrate Through Turbine Constant
Turbine in Necked Down Conduit
Sluice Gate at Tailrace
Turbine Placed Anywhere in Fall Without Losing Power
Later a Diffuser Was Added to Recover Lost Power

20. Jonval-Koechlin’s Reaction Turbine

21. Jonval-Koechlin’s Reaction Turbine