1. Psychology MCQs ~Memory~

2. 1. To prevent information in short-term store from decaying, one can use ________. a. rehearsal a. rehearsal b. elaboration b. elaboration c. explication c. explication d. memory d. memory --------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Information that is in short-term store can be processed or transformed before being stored in long-term store. This processing is called ________. a. elaboration a. elaboration b. memory b. memory c. explication c. explication d. rehearsal d. rehearsal

3. 3. Your memories concerning what you talked about at dinner last night is part of your ________ memory. a. implicit a. implicit b. explicit b. explicit c. sensory c. sensory d. short-term d. short-term --------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Your memories concerning how to hit a backhand shot in tennis is part of your ________ memory. a. explicit a. explicit b. implicit b. implicit c. short-term c. short-term d. sensory d. sensory

4. 5. Eidetic imagery a. is impaired by the presence of auditory cues. a. is impaired by the presence of auditory cues. b. begins to fade immediately after the stimulus is removed. b. begins to fade immediately after the stimulus is removed. c. provides a permanent and accurate record of images the individual has paid attention to. c. provides a permanent and accurate record of images the individual has paid attention to. d. is found more often in children than adults. d. is found more often in children than adults. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Why might rehearsal prevent the loss of an item from working memory? a. Any or all of these choices may be involved. a. Any or all of these choices may be involved. b. It prevents the memory from decaying. b. It prevents the memory from decaying. c. It focuses attention on the item rather than on new items. c. It focuses attention on the item rather than on new items. d. It protects the item from displacement. d. It protects the item from displacement.

5. 7. If you repeat a phone number to keep it in working memory, you are keeping it in a high state of activation. If a new phone number is presented what will happen to the original phone number? a. It will be remembered along with the new number. a. It will be remembered along with the new number. b. Both numbers will be lost. b. Both numbers will be lost. c. It may fall below the level of activation necessary for retrieval. c. It may fall below the level of activation necessary for retrieval. d. The numbers will be combined into one long string of numbers. d. The numbers will be combined into one long string of numbers. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. Which statement is true about retrieval of items from working memory? a. It depends upon the number of items in consciousness. a. It depends upon the number of items in consciousness. b. It takes longer if the material is presented in a chunked form. b. It takes longer if the material is presented in a chunked form. c. It doesn't require a search process. c. It doesn't require a search process. d. It requires no time since access is immediate. d. It requires no time since access is immediate.

6. 9. When we engage in problem solving, information from ________ memory is transferred to ________ for conscious processing. a. working; long-term a. working; long-term b. long-term; working b. long-term; working c. semantic; episodic c. semantic; episodic d. episodic; semantic d. episodic; semantic --------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. While counting a patient's pulse, Katy tried to remember that patient's blood pressure but could not. Why? a. Two activities were competing for the same space in working memory. a. Two activities were competing for the same space in working memory. b. Blood pressure requires a semantic code; pulse requires an acoustic code. b. Blood pressure requires a semantic code; pulse requires an acoustic code. c. Long-term memory held the blood pressure data but Katy was using working memory to count. c. Long-term memory held the blood pressure data but Katy was using working memory to count. d. Two activities were competing for the same space in long-term memory. d. Two activities were competing for the same space in long-term memory.

7. 11. If you received damage to your hippocampus in an accident, you would show deficits in your ________ memory but not your ________ memory. a. long-term; working a. long-term; working b. sensory; working b. sensory; working c. working; sensory c. working; sensory d. working; sensory d. working; sensory --------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. Research evidence shows that the ________ is essential for short-term memory, while the ________ is essential for long-term memory. a. hippocampus; hypothalamus a. hippocampus; hypothalamus b. frontal lobes; parietal lobes b. frontal lobes; parietal lobes c. preforntal lobes; hippocampus c. preforntal lobes; hippocampus d. temporal lobes; parietal lobes d. temporal lobes; parietal lobes

8. 13. The dominant means of long-term storage of verbal material is a. All of these choices are true. a. All of these choices are true. b. acoustic. b. acoustic. c. visual. c. visual. d. meaning. d. meaning. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. The word "dawn" appears in a list of words you try to memorize. Thirty minutes later, you are asked to recall the list, but your recall is wrong. Which word would you be most likely to recall instead of "dawn"? a. sun a. sun b. morning b. morning c. fawn c. fawn d. down d. down

9. 15. You are in a grocery store in your home town and encounter a woman who you recognize as having been a substitute teacher in your sophomore history class. You know her name is something like Ms. Lawson, or Larson, or some other similar name which begins with the letter L. You are experiencing the a. context-dependent effect. a. context-dependent effect. b. tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. b. tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. c. state-dependent effect. c. state-dependent effect. d. flashbulb memory effect. d. flashbulb memory effect. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. Poor long-term memory is typically a problem with ________ rather than ________. a. retrieval; storage a. retrieval; storage b. memory span; context-dependent effect b. memory span; context-dependent effect c. serial position; tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon c. serial position; tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon d. elaboration; chunking d. elaboration; chunking

10. 17. Information stored in long-term memory a. is retained longer when auditory codes are used. a. is retained longer when auditory codes are used. b. may be forgotten if items are not properly chunked. b. may be forgotten if items are not properly chunked. c. may be permanently erased by repression. c. may be permanently erased by repression. d. may be forgotten due to loss of access to the information. d. may be forgotten due to loss of access to the information. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------18. Interference can be accounted for by the _________ model(s) of memory. a. connectionist a. connectionist b. search process b. search process c. All of these choices are true. c. All of these choices are true. d. spreading activation d. spreading activation

11. 19. Long-term stress may destroy cells in the hippocampus. What effect would this have on one's memory? a. No major effects on memory would be noted. a. No major effects on memory would be noted. b. Consolidation of memories into long-term memory might be noted. b. Consolidation of memories into long-term memory might be noted. c. There would be an improvement of working memory functioning. c. There would be an improvement of working memory functioning. d. Working memory would be disrupted. d. Working memory would be disrupted. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------20. Internal and external contexts serve as powerful cues for recall. Internal cues are often responsible for a. semantic coding. a. semantic coding. b. flashbulb memory. b. flashbulb memory. c. implicit memory. c. implicit memory. d. state-dependent learning. d. state-dependent learning.

12. 21. If you can show an improvement in a motor or cognitive ask without conscious recollection of the experiences that led to the improvement, you are using your ________ memory system. a. covert a. covert b. implicit b. implicit c. explicit c. explicit d. subjective d. subjective --------------------------------------------------------------------------------22. A woman with anterograde amnesia would be least likely to recall a. how to ride a bicycle. a. how to ride a bicycle. b. the name of the new car she just saw advertised in a magazine. b. the name of the new car she just saw advertised in a magazine. c. her name. c. her name. d. the name of her childhood hometown. d. the name of her childhood hometown.

13. 23. Recent research has shown that even mild head trauma (that which doesn't result in a loss of consciousness) can result in a memory loss for events that occurred immediately prior to the trauma. This is an example of a. retrograde amnesia. a. retrograde amnesia. b. anterograde amnesia. b. anterograde amnesia. c. repression. c. repression. d. IQ deficits associated with the head injury. d. IQ deficits associated with the head injury. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------24. Which of the following seems to be the best explanation of childhood amnesia? a. Children encode and organize memories differently from adults. a. Children encode and organize memories differently from adults. b. Sexual and aggressive feelings of the child are repressed later, when we are socialized. b. Sexual and aggressive feelings of the child are repressed later, when we are socialized. c. Memories are lost because recent memories displace them. c. Memories are lost because recent memories displace them. d. Just like other memories, they fade with time. d. Just like other memories, they fade with time.

14. 25. One explanation for the occurrence of childhood amnesia is that there is continued neural development of the ________ through the first few years of life. a. cortex a. cortex b. brain systems that mediate repression b. brain systems that mediate repression c. hypothalamus c. hypothalamus d. hippocampus d. hippocampus

15. Model Answers Q1:a Q1:a Q2:a Q2:a Q3:b Q3:b Q4:b Q4:b Q5:d Q5:d Q6:a Q6:a Q7:c Q7:c Q8:a Q8:a Q9:c Q9:c Q10:a Q10:a Q11:a Q11:a Q12:c Q12:c Q13:d Q13:d Q14:b Q14:b Q15:b Q15:b Q16:a Q16:a Q17:d Q17:d Q18:c Q18:c Q19:b Q19:b Q20:d Q20:d Q21:b Q21:b Q22:b Q22:b Q23:a Q23:a Q24:a Q24:a Q25:d Q25:d

16. Good Luck Good Luck