1. MINING

2. Example: Coal

3. Example: Gold Ore

4. Example: Iron Ore (steel!)

6. Iron Ore Outcrop

7. Uranium Ore

8. Copper Ore

9. High vs. Low Grade Ore

10. Getting to and obtaining the coal or ore:

11. Removing Overburden

12. Deposited as Spoils

13. For some (such as gold): Cyanide Heap Leaching

15. Or:

16. Emerald on Gangue

17. Tailings pond

18. Environmental Effects: Scarring of land Disrupted ecosystems (loss of biodiversity POLLUTION: air, water, soil

19. Acid Mine Drainage (AMD)

20. smelting

21. How can environmental damage be reduced??? The 3 r’s: ??? –Reduces environmental impact and reduces depletion time of a mined resource Figure 16-5: “Life” cycle of a metal resource

22. TYPES OF MINING Surface and Subsurface

23. Surface Mining Open Pit

27. Dredging

29. Strip Mining

31. Mountain-top Removal

32. Subsurface Mining Room and Pillar

33. Longwall

34. In-Situ