1. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 1 - Insights into the Diffusion of Energy Efficiency Technologies Mandl, Lüthi & Partner Christoph E. Mandl Theresa Kuttner www.mlp.co.at

2. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 2 - Greenhouse gas emissions 1990-2012 Source: European Environment Agency

3. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 3 - Amsterdam Smart City

4. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 4 - Copenhagen CO 2 neutral by 2025 Oil crisis legal prohibition of oil-fired burners district heating grids with 98% connection political commitment cooperative business long-term vision community ownership business models cooperative thinking District heating CPH 2025 Climate Plan District cooling Wind power Smart grids

5. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 5 - Eko-Viikki

6. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 6 - Energy policy that is consistent on ALL levels  legal framework  R&D funding  investment decisions

7. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 7 - Push demand early on by regulation then let market mechanism take over

8. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 8 - Speed up innovation process through public-private partnership Relevant new Knowledge Joint Applied Research Fundamental ResearchProducts and Services R&D and Business ModelsUniversities „Science Push“ „Market Pull“ Research Institutes Scientific Excellence Opportunities Companies Global Demand Relevance CLEEN Ltd Focus Practices Public Sponsor National Interest Legal Compliance Resourcing by Companies > 50% Shared IPR Access Rights

9. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 9 - New demand emerges continuously as do providers of solutions. They just need to meet.

10. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 10 - Energy Efficiency Principal Agent Problem

11. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 11 - Cost of action could be limited to 1% of global GDP per year. Inaction could result in losing 5-20% of global GDP annually.

12. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 12 -

13. © 2014 Mandl, Lüthi & Partner BEHAVE ENERGY CONFERENCE 2014 - 13 - http://www.nachhaltigwirtschaften.at/publikationen/schriftenreihe.html Ein Service des