1. J.P. Cuda 1 and W.A. Overholt 2 1 UF/IFAS Entomology & Nematology Department Gainesville, FL 32611-0620 2 UF/IFAS Indian River Research & Education Center Ft. Pierce, FL 34945-3138 Integrated Pest Management: Basic Principles and Practices for Managing Melaleuca

2. Topics Review IPM ConceptsReview IPM Concepts Overview of Invasive Plant ManagementOverview of Invasive Plant Management –“the Other IPM” Melaleuca ExampleMelaleuca Example Questions? Comments?Questions? Comments?

3. Topics Review IPM ConceptsReview IPM Concepts Overview of Invasive Plant ManagementOverview of Invasive Plant Management –“the Other IPM” Melaleuca ExampleMelaleuca Example Questions? Comments?Questions? Comments?

4. Definitions of IPM Applied Pest Control That Combines and Integrates Biological and Chemical Control (Stern et al. 1959)Applied Pest Control That Combines and Integrates Biological and Chemical Control (Stern et al. 1959) –Biological Control- Suppression of Harmful Organisms with Natural Enemies –Foundation of “True” IPM in 1970s Manipulation of Natural Processes to Increase Their EffectivenessManipulation of Natural Processes to Increase Their Effectiveness –Use Pesticides Only When Natural Processes Fail to Control Pests (National Academy of Sciences 1996)

5. Sustainable Approach to Managing Pests by Combining Biological, Cultural, Physical and Chemical Tools in a Way That Minimizes Economic, Health and Environmental RisksSustainable Approach to Managing Pests by Combining Biological, Cultural, Physical and Chemical Tools in a Way That Minimizes Economic, Health and Environmental Risks (USDA ERS) (USDA ERS) Coordinated Use of Pest and Environmental Information with Available Pest Control Methods to Prevent Unacceptable Levels of Pest Damage by the Most Economical Means and With the Least Possible Hazard to People, Property, and EnvironmentCoordinated Use of Pest and Environmental Information with Available Pest Control Methods to Prevent Unacceptable Levels of Pest Damage by the Most Economical Means and With the Least Possible Hazard to People, Property, and Environment (EPA definition) (EPA definition) Definitions of IPM (cont’d)

6. T ACTICS OF I NTEGRATED P EST M ANAGEMENT B IOLOGICAL C ULTURAL C HEMICAL P HYSICAL P REVENTION I MPORTATION A UGMENTATION C ONSERVATION I NORGANIC O RGANIC NATURALNATURALSYNTHESIZEDSYNTHESIZEDNATURALNATURALSYNTHESIZEDSYNTHESIZED P ERMANENT T EMPORARY Relative Degree of Sustainability

7. Topics Review IPM ConceptsReview IPM Concepts Overview of Invasive Plant ManagementOverview of Invasive Plant Management –“the Other IPM” Melaleuca ExampleMelaleuca Example Questions? Comments?Questions? Comments?

8. “The Other IPM” An Ecosystem-Based Strategy that Focuses on Long-term Weed Reduction Through Combination of TechniquesAn Ecosystem-Based Strategy that Focuses on Long-term Weed Reduction Through Combination of Techniques –Biological Control, Habitat Manipulation, Mechanical Removal, and Herbicide Applications Control Methods Selected and Applied in Manner that Minimizes Risks to Human Health, Beneficial / Nontarget Organisms, and EnvironmentControl Methods Selected and Applied in Manner that Minimizes Risks to Human Health, Beneficial / Nontarget Organisms, and Environment TAME Melaleuca Web Site

9. Strategies Used for Invasive Plant Management Control Method PreventionPrevention MechanicalMechanical ChemicalChemical BiologicalBiological Infestation Size None Small Moderate Widespread

10. Prevention Chemical Mechanical Biological IPM Components of IPM Plan Adkins (1997)

11. Rationale for IPM Reduces Weed Problem More EfficientlyReduces Weed Problem More Efficiently Increases Success of Biocontrol AgentsIncreases Success of Biocontrol Agents – ~30% of Biocontrol Programs Successful Successful – Often Involve Only 1-2 Agents Reduces the Use of PesticidesReduces the Use of Pesticides

12. Messersmith and Adkins. 1995. Weed Technol. 9:199-208.

13. Integration of Biocontrol Agents with Herbicides Must Be Sure That:Must Be Sure That: –Herbicide Does Not Negatively Impact Biocontrol Agent –Herbicide Does Not Reduce Plant Density (= Food Source) Below Critical Level Time Applications to Maximize Biocontrol Agent ImpactTime Applications to Maximize Biocontrol Agent Impact

14. Topics Review IPM ConceptsReview IPM Concepts Overview of Invasive Plant ManagementOverview of Invasive Plant Management –“the Other IPM” Melaleuca ExampleMelaleuca Example Questions? Comments?Questions? Comments?

15. Components of Melaleuca IPM Program Biological ControlBiological Control Mechanical RemovalMechanical Removal Herbicidal ControlHerbicidal Control

16. Components of Melaleuca IPM Program Biological ControlBiological Control Mechanical RemovalMechanical Removal Herbicidal ControlHerbicidal Control

17. Biological Control

18. Components of Melaleuca IPM Program Biological ControlBiological Control Mechanical RemovalMechanical Removal Herbicidal ControlHerbicidal Control

19. Mechanical Removal

20. Components of Melaleuca IPM Program Biological ControlBiological Control Mechanical RemovalMechanical Removal Herbicidal ControlHerbicidal Control

21. Herbicidal Control

22. Benefits of IPM Difficult to Control Invasive Weeds with Only One ToolDifficult to Control Invasive Weeds with Only One Tool IPM Results in More Rapid and Economical Weed ControlIPM Results in More Rapid and Economical Weed Control IPM Provides More Effective Control than with Any Method Used AloneIPM Provides More Effective Control than with Any Method Used Alone

23. For More Information on IPM: http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu/ http://tame.ifas.ufl.edu/