1. Chapter 2 Chest

2. The Bony Thorax Protects the lungs and great vessels 2 Clavicles 2 Scapulae 1 Sternum 12 Rib Pairs 12 Thoracic Vertebrae

3. The Lungs Right 3 Lobes Left 2 Lobes

4. Lung Anatomy Parenchyma Functional tissue Apex Base Costophrenic Angle Hilum

5. Pleura Sac the lungs are in Parietal Pulmonary (Visceral) Pleural Cavity __________

6. Pleural Problems Pneumothorax Pleural Effusion Hemothorax Empyema

7. Diaphragm Primary muscle of breathing 3 openings Inferior Vena Cava Esophagus ______

8. Pharynx Accessories Hard Palate Soft Palate Uvula

9. Larynx Voice Box C3-C6 3 cartilage structures Epiglottis Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage

10. Trachea Windpipe C6-T4(5) Cartilaginous rings Carina Bronchi Right Left

11. Mediastinum Sternum to Vertebral column Thoracic organs minus lungs Heart and great vessels Hilum Trachea Esophagus Thymus

12. Taking a Chest X-ray Body Habitus Hypersthenic Sthenic Hyposthenic Asthenic

13. Patient Prep Remove radiopaque items Necklace Snaps Bra Move obstructions Oxygen Hair braids Nipple Markers??

14. Topographic Landmarks Vital for positioning Vertebra Prominens ____ Jugular Notch _____ Xiphoid Tip _____

15. PA CXR Erect 110+ kV mAs determined by patient 72” SID Chest bucky Shoulders forward Chin up CR at T7

16. Left Lateral CXR Erect 72” SID Left side against IR No rotation Arms up CR at T7

17. Patient Instructions Inspiration Clear instructions Expiration On request or certain pathology

18. Pediatric CXR Immobilizer Decrease kV to 70-80 CR mid thorax (nipple line) Crying is ________

19. CXR Guidelines No rotation PA – clavicles and spine Equidistance Lateral – Posterior ribs No more than _______separation Adequate inspiration ___ rib pairs on PA

20. AP CXR Supine or Semi Erect Approx. ________angle CR perpendicular to sternum CR to T7 (______ inferior to jugular notch)

21. Alternative CXR Decubitus Left or Right Pathology dependent Lordotic (pg 96) Erect Patient distortion Supine _________cephalad

22. Oblique 45˚ LPO or RPO Lung ________ to IR seen best CR at T7 45˚ LAO or RAO Lung ________ from IR seen best CR at T7

23. S.T. Neck 75-85 kV AP 40” SID ______ above jugular notch Lateral 72” SID _____above jugular notch Slow inspiration