1. The Urinary System Maintenance Systems Unit 5

2. Basic Functions of the Urinary System Regulates the composition and volume of the bloodRegulates the composition and volume of the blood –Removes and restores selected amounts of water and solutes EliminatesEliminates –Water –Nitrogenous wastes from the breakdown of protein –Inorganic salts –Assists in eliminating heat and carbon dioxide

3. The Organs of the Urinary System Kidneys (2)Kidneys (2) Ureters (2)Ureters (2) BladderBladder UrethraUrethra

4. The Organs of the Urinary System Kidneys (2)Kidneys (2) Ureters (2)Ureters (2) BladderBladder UrethraUrethra

5. Kidneys The kidneys are paired organsThe kidneys are paired organs Found lateral to the spinal canal in the upper left and right quadrantsFound lateral to the spinal canal in the upper left and right quadrants Their main function is to produce urineTheir main function is to produce urine –Filter blood Blood leaving kidneys has very few impuritiesBlood leaving kidneys has very few impurities

6. The Ureters Long, slender tubes which extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladderLong, slender tubes which extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder Their main functionTheir main function –Transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

7. The Urinary Bladder A sac-like structure found in the pelvic cavityA sac-like structure found in the pelvic cavity Its main function is to hold urine.Its main function is to hold urine.

8. The Urethra A small tube (about 2 inches in the female and 8 inches in males)A small tube (about 2 inches in the female and 8 inches in males) Transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the bodyTransports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

9. Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

10. Kidney Stones Hard masses developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary tractHard masses developed from crystals that separate from the urine within the urinary tract Signs & SymptomsSigns & Symptoms –Extreme pain Begins suddenly when a stone moves in the urinary tract and blocks the flow of urineBegins suddenly when a stone moves in the urinary tract and blocks the flow of urine Back and side in the lower abdomenBack and side in the lower abdomen –Sometimes nausea and vomiting occur –Spreads to the groin

11. Kidney Stones continued Predisposition of kidney stonesPredisposition of kidney stones –Dehydration –Infection –Obstruction –Genetics Treatment includesTreatment includes –Medication to relieve the pain –Forcing fluids –Sometimes surgical intervention such as lithotripsy

12. Kidney Failure Loss of the kidney’s ability to perform their main functionLoss of the kidney’s ability to perform their main function –Eliminate excess fluid and waste material from the blood –Dangerous levels of fluid and waste accumulate in the body Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms –Decreased urine output –Fluid retention –Drowsiness –Shortness of breath –Fatigue –Confusion –Seizures or coma in severe cases Treatment includes a modified diet, IV fluids, and dialysis until kidney function returns to normalTreatment includes a modified diet, IV fluids, and dialysis until kidney function returns to normal

13. Cystitis Inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by bacteriaInflammation of the urinary bladder caused by bacteria More common in womenMore common in women Signs and symptomsSigns and symptoms –Urgency –Frequency –Burning upon urination –Dysuria –Possible urethral discharge It is treated with antibioticsIt is treated with antibiotics

14. Dialysis Kidney dialysis is a life-support treatmentKidney dialysis is a life-support treatment –Uses a special machine to filter harmful wastes, salt, and excess fluid from your blood HemodialysisHemodialysis –Hooked up to a machine that takes over the kidneys' job of filtering blood Peritoneal dialysisPeritoneal dialysis –Cleans the blood using the lining of your abdominal area as a filter

15. Careers UrologistUrologist Dialysis TechnicianDialysis Technician Medical Lab TechnicianMedical Lab Technician Medical AssistantMedical Assistant