1. Anything that has mass and volume

2. Physical Property  A characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change  Examples: Density Color Hardness Thermal Conduction State Ductility Malleability

3. Density – Liquid Layers  Which is the most dense of the solutions? Honey  Which is the least dense? Lamp Oil

4. Physical Changes  A change of matter from one form to another WITHOUT a change in chemical properties

5. Chemical Property  A property of matter that describes a substance’s ability to participate in chemical reactions.  Examples: Flammability Reactivity with Oxygen

6. Chemical Changes  A change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with DIFFERENT properties

7. Physical vs. Chemical Changes PHYSICALCHEMICAL  Do NOT change the composition of the substance!  Most are easily reversed  Do alter the composition of the substance!  Not easily reversed

8. States of Matter  Solid Definite shape and volume Particles vibrate  Liquid Definite volume, but not a definite shape Particles can slide past each other  Gas No definite shape or volume Particles are far apart and move independently of each other  Plasma Super heated gas Can be affected by electrical and magnetic fields 99% of the universe is plasma! Ex. The sun

9. Liquids  Surface Tension The force that acts on the surface of a liquid & that tends to minimize the area of the surface  Viscosity The resistance of a gas or liquid to flow

10. Gas Behavior Laws  Boyle’s Law The law states the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant  Charles’s Law The law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas when pressure is constant

12. Draw the flow chart and fill in the bold words ONLY.

13. Mixtures  A combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined.  Can be separated by PHYSICAL METHODS  2 Types: Heterogeneous Homogeneous

14. 2 Types of Mixtures  Heterogeneous Mixture a type of mixture in which the components can be seen typically there are two or more phases present. Ex. Vegetable Soup, cereal & milk, pizza, rocks in sand

15. 2 Types of Mixtures  Homogeneous Mixture a type of mixture in which the composition is uniform every part of the solution has the same properties Ex. air, salt water, milk, blood, Kool-Aid

16. Pure Substances  Fixed composition (what they are made of does not vary)  CANNOT be separated by physical means  2 Types: Elements Compounds

17. Element  A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means  Found on the Periodic Table of Elements  Categories of Elements Metal ○ shiny, conducts heat/electricity well Nonmetal ○ conducts heat and electricity poorly Metalloid ○ has properties of both metals and nonmetals

19. Compound  A substance made up of atoms of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds (made of elements!)  Elements come together in specific ratios to form compounds. CompoundElements Combined Table SaltSodium and Chlorine WaterHydrogen and Oxygen VinegarHydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen Carbon DioxideCarbon and Oxygen Baking SodaSodium, Hydrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen

20. Forming Sodium Chloride

21. How can I remember the categories of matter???  http://listen.grooveshark.com/#/search/songs /?query=chicken%20noodle%20soup http://listen.grooveshark.com/#/search/songs /?query=chicken%20noodle%20soup Chicken Noodle Soup Heterogeneous Mixture Soda Homogeneous Mixture Silver (Ag) Element Crackers contain salt (NaCl) Compound