1. Diolistics: Pun within Pun Jeff Gauthier Computational Neurobiology (PhD)

3. First: bio + ballistics = biolistics (coined by Ed and Marlene Wolf, 1986) 1-2 µm tungsten beads, coated with DNA or RNA Propelled at tissue using pressurized helium What if we use dye instead of DNA? Lipophilic dyes DiA, DiD, DiI, DiO, … Second: DiO + Biolistics = Diolistics (Gan, et al. 2000)

4. Gan et al, 2000

5. Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells from Sun, et al. 2002

6. Diffuses throughout most neurons (~200 µm diameter) in 30 min Does not affect cell health (apparently) Requires hours to express Can severely alter cell metabolism Biolistics Diolistics

7. Multicolor “DiOlistic” Labeling of the Nervous System Using Lipophilic Dye Combinations Gan, et al. 2000 Large-Scale Morphological Survey of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells Sun, et al. 2002 Large-Scale Morphological Survey of Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells Sun, et al. 2002 Quantitative morphologic classification of layer 5 neurons from mouse primary visual cortex Tsiola, et al. 2003 High-throughput Morphometric Analysis of Individual Neurons Wu, et al. 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

8. Gauthier 2004 (personal communication) guinea pig retina