1. Bell Ringer 11/30 What is addiction? - Have you ever been addicted to something? (keep it school appropriate) TAKE OUT YOUR NOTES: DRUGS AND CONSCIOUSNESS PG. 13?

2. Objective/Agenda What effect do drugs have on YOU and your consciousness? 1. Notes on drugs (types and what they do)

3. Altering Consciousness Drugs Psychoactive drugs are chemicals introduced into the body which alter perceptions, mood, and other elements of conscious experience. Examples: Depressants (alcohol), Stimulants (caffeine, nicotine), Hallucinogens (LSD, ‘weed’)

4. Dependence/Addiction  Many psychoactive drugs can be harmful to the body.  Psychoactive drugs are particularly dangerous when a person develops an addiction or becomes dependent on the substance.

5. Dependence/Addiction  Factors related to addiction:  Tolerance  Withdrawal  impact on daily life of substance use  physical and psychological dependence

6. Dependence on a substance (or activity?)  Tolerance: the need to use more to receive the desired effect  Withdrawal: the distress experienced when the “high” subsides, can be painful and can worsen addiction  Using more than intended  Persistent, failed attempts to regulate use  Much time spent preoccupied with the substance, obtaining it, and recovering  Important activities reduced because of use  Continued use despite consequences

7. Tolerance of a drug refers to the diminished psychoactive effects after repeated use. Tolerance feeds addiction because users take increasing amounts of a drug to get the desired effect. Tolerance

8. Dependence: 2 types 1.In physical dependence, the body has been altered in ways that create cravings for the drug (e.g. to end withdrawal symptoms). 2. In psychological dependence, a person’s resources for coping with daily life wither as a drug becomes “needed” to relax, socialize, or sleep.

9. Depressants Depressants are chemicals that reduce the neural activity and other body functions. Examples:  alcohol  Opiates (morphine, heroin)

10. Effects of Alcohol Use Impact on functioning:  Slow neural processing, slower thought and physical reaction  Reduced memory formation caused by disrupted REM sleep Impaired self-control and judgment, increased accidents and aggression Chronic Use: Brain damage

11. Opiates: Highly Addictive Depressants  Opiates depress nervous system activity; this reduces anxiety, and especially reduces pain.  High doses of opiates produce euphoria.  Opiates work at receptor sites for the body’s natural pain reducers (endorphins). Opiates are chemicals such as morphine and heroin that are made from the opium poppy.

12. Video- brain and alcohol In your notes, how does alcohol affect your consciousness? It’s fast, so just get what you can. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkpz7xFTWJo

13. Bell Ringer How do depressants affect our consciousness? What is withdrawal? Tolerance?

14. Objective Agenda How do drugs affect our consciousness? Today: Notes Videos Projects (if time)

15. Stimulants Examples of stimulants:  Caffeine  Nicotine  Amphetamines, Methamphetamine  Cocaine, Ecstasy Stimulants INTENSIFY neural activity and bodily functions. Some physical effects of stimulants: dilated pupils increased breathing and heart rate, increased blood sugar, decreased appetite

16. Caffeine  adds energy  disrupts sleep for 3-4 hours  can lead to withdrawal symptoms if used daily:  headaches  irritability  fatigue  difficulty concentrating  depression

17. Nicotine The main effect of nicotine use is ADDICTION.

18. Nicotine Main effect of Nicotine use is addiction. What happens: Become more alert Relaxed Suppress appetite Reduces circulation, increase blood pressure/heart rate

19. Hallucinogens LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)  LSD and similar drugs interfere with serotonin transmission.  This causes hallucinations--images and other “sensations” that didn’t come in through the senses. What Happens Next?  Impaired motor coordination, perceptual ability, and reaction time  Over time, the brain shrinks in areas processing memory and emotion

20. What can turn drug use into dependence?  Biological factors: dependence in relatives, thrill-seeking in childhood, genes related to alcohol sensitivity and dependence, and easily disrupted dopamine reward system  Psychological factors: seeking gratification, depression, problems forming identity, problems assessing risks and costs  Social influences: media glorification, observing peers

22. Summary: Desired Effects of Drugs

23. Summary: Aversive Effects of Drugs

24. Prevalence of Drug Use in the United States Nicotine Use as of 2011: 26 percent of high school dropouts smoke; 6 percent of people with graduate degrees smoke

25. What influences can lead to drug use?

26. Are substances inherently addictive and should they be avoided at all cost? Does recovery require therapy, or require a 12- step group? Is the “addiction” concept applicable to repeated behaviors that do not involve ingesting chemicals? Only 10 to 16 percent of people who try most drugs, even morphine and cocaine, become addicted. In general, recovery rates do not seem to differ much from people quitting on their own. Controversies Related to Addiction Labeling it this way can be seen as making excuses for misbehavior such as gambling or sexual affairs. However, many of the dependence criteria are often met, and there may be a dopamine-based chemical process underlying some ‘addictive’ behavior patterns.

27. WHAT DRUG YOU WANT? Get into a group of NO MORE THAN 4 and you’re going to be assigned a drug to report to the class. EACH GROUP WILL NEED TO DISCUSS DRUGS: 1. Effects- Explain what happens when you are on it? 2. How long the drugs effects last when taken?

28. 3. How do you consume the drug? 4. Should it be legal? 5. How addictive is the drug? 6. What are the withdrawal symptoms (physical, psychological?) 7. IS YOUR DRUG A STIMULANT, DEPRESSANT, HALLUCINogen? I’m expecting at least one outside source on your drug and a skit. Out of 70 points

29. THE SKINNY ON DRUGS! (pg. 10) Please fill out chart as drug is presented: DRUGStimulant, depressant, hallucinogen Feeling when on it Withdrawal symptoms/ side effects How to consume 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

30. Bell Ringer 12/2 Get back into your groups We need to review what the expectations are You have today to begin research (use phones, computers, etc)