1. Objective: to intro selective breeding and genetic engineering 13.1 and 13.2

2. Objective: to intro selective breeding Selective breeding- humans choose what organism breeds with another organism. We pick desired characteristics Dogs, Cattle, cats, horses, crop plants.

3. Objective: to intro selective breeding Hybridization- crossing dissimilar organisms to try to bring the best of both organisms out in the offspring Inbreeding- to keep desired traits of an organism, only 2 similar organisms would breed together.

4. To intro selective breeding Risks of inbreeding: breeding similar organisms can result in two recessive alleles coming together. Ex: golden retrievers are very likely to be blind or have joint deformities

5. Intro selective breeding Genetic Variety is needed to have different traits. Breeders can increase variety by causing mutations by using radiation or chemicals. Most of the mutations they see are negative, but some can be positive.

6. To intro selective breeding Producing new bacteria Bacteria that can digest oil. Producing new plants Polyploidy Double set of DNA (banana and citrus fruits).

7. Introduce manipulating DNA 13.2 Manip. DNA= change DNA. can make changes to make the organism better

8. To introduce manipulating DNA Ways Genetic Engineering is done Extract DNA Cut DNA identify sequence of bases make unlimited copies.

9. To introduce manipulating DNA Extraction- we did this. Cutting DNA- restriction enzymes. Indentifying bases- separating DNA using gel electrophoresis. Making unlimited copies- using PCR (polymerase chain reaction)