1. 1/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia Plutonium and MA Management in VVER-440 and FR P. Dařílek, R. Zajac – VUJE Trnava darilek@vuje.sk J. Breza, V Nečas – SUT Bratislava

2. 2/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia Content  VVER-440  Description of analysed cycles VVER-440 open fuel cycle VVER-440 closed fuel cycle with IMF FR closed fuel cycle  Cycle comparison  Conclusion

3. 3/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia VVER-440 Standard uranium FA of VVER-440  PWR reactor  power 440 MW el  triangular net  „black“ control rods  hexagonal fuel assembly

4. 4/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia VVER-440 open fuel cycle description  reference case  feeding enrichment 4.2 % U235  no reprocessing

5. 5/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia VVER-440 closed fuel cycle with IMF description

6. 6/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia VVER-440 closed fuel cycle with IMF description Transmutation pin with inert matrix fuel Fresh UOX pin with 4.2% U235 enrichment VVER-440 combined fuel assembly (CFA)  microheterogeneous assembly  30 transmutation pins (TP) with: 6.17 wt.% Pu oxides 0.77 wt.% MA oxides from CFA UP reprocessing

7. 7/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia VVER-440 closed fuel cycle with IMF description wt. content (%) NpO 2 0.349 PuO 2 6.174 AmO 2 0.371 CmO 2 0.047 CfO 2 0.000 ZrO 2 93.059 isotopecontent (%)isotopecontent (%) Pu-2383.00Cm-2420.02 Pu-23952.20Cm-2430.74 Pu-24025.19Cm-24490.97 Pu-24112.35Cm-2457.34 Pu-2427.26Cm-2460.92 Cm-2470.01 Cm-2480.00 isotopecontent (%)isotopecontent (%) Am-24167.94Cf-24964.16 Am-24331.83Cf-25020.88 Am-242m0.23Cf-25112.64 Cf-2522.31 Detailed composition of fresh TP  reprocessing of all UPs  all Pu and MA into TPs  no TP reprocessing  equilibrium cycle without UOX core

8. 8/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia FR closed fuel cycle description

9. 9/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia FR closed fuel cycle description Fast reactor fuel assembly (FFA) Super Phenix FA content (% of HM) U-2350.250 Np0.097 Pu23.223 Am1.623 Cm0.977 Cf0.003 U-23873.827 isotopecontent (%) isotopecontent (%) Pu-2383.00Cm-2420.02 Pu-23945.25Cm-2430.62 Pu-24039.58Cm-24445.70 Pu-2414.46Cm-24517.87 Pu-2427.71Cm-24628.91 Cm-2473.60 Cm-2483.30 isotopecontent (%) isotopecontent (%) Am-24158.34Cf-24976.32 Am-24338.77Cf-25019.81 Am- 242m 2.89Cf-2513.79 Cf-2520.07

10. 10/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia Cycle comparison Fuel cycle Units VVER-440 open VVER- 440 IMF FR Pu transmutation ratekg/TWh e 0.0030.7025.4 MA transmutation ratekg/TWh e 0.000.464.15 Pu and MA rate in entering fuel%0.006.9425.9 Pu and MA rate in spent fuel%1.220.4621.9 Quantity of separated Pukg/TWh e 0.0041.20151 Content of (Pu 239 +Pu 241 ) in separated Pu%0.0064.5549.7 Inventory of Pu in cycle incl.corekg/TWh e 26.006.76150 Content of (Pu 239 +Pu 241 ) in burned fuel%0.830.06149.2 Amount of finally disposed of Pukg/TWh e 26.0010.500.15 Pu and MA balance

11. 11/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia Conclusion Comparison of closed cycles  comparable Pu transmutation rate  fissionable Pu content in spent IMF very low  Pu amount in FR cycle much higher  MA transmuted 4-times faster in FR  finally disposed Pu amount 70-times smaller

12. 12/12 VUJE, Inc., Okružná 5, SK 918 64 Trnava, Slovakia Acknowledgements Performance of mentioned analyses could not be possible without participation of VUJE and SUT at the RED-IMPACT project. We want to acknowledge especially valuable advise and notes of project and WP leaders W. Gudowski, W.v. Lensa, D. Greneche, L. Boucher and C. Zimmermann. This project has been partially supported by the Slovak grant agency for science through the grant No. 1/3160/06.