1. MORURI IMMACULATE EDEL A90/0142/2008 SUPERVISOR PROF J.K IMUNGI OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN ASSOCIATION WITH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EATING HABITS AMONG BUS DRIVERS IN NAIROBI.

2. Statement of the problem The prevalence of obesity has been increasing both in developed and developing countries, and more noticeably in urban areas. (Abubakari et al, 2008) National data on prevalence of adult men in Kenya is lacking. A documented study on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults needs to be done to facilitate proper interventions and management strategies.

3. Justification Metropolitan bus drivers are at high risk of being overweight or obese due to reduced physical activity and poor dietary intake. Structural variables that encourage this obesogenic environment include long work hours and lack of scheduled breaks. This study thus concerns itself with determining the prevalence of overweight and obesity among bus drivers in association with their dietary intake and physical activity.

4. Aim to contribute towards improving the health status among bus drivers. Purpose to contribute to information on the prevalence of obesity in relation to eating habits, physical activity and nutritional status.

5. Main objective to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in association with physical activity and eating habits among metropolitan bus drivers in Nairobi, Kenya.

6. Sub-objectives To determine the physical activity level of the study bus drivers in Nairobi, Kenya. To assess the eating habits, smoking habits and alcohol intake of the study drivers. To determine the Body Mass Index of the bus drivers. To describe the socio-demographic and socio- economic characteristics of the bus drivers.

7. DESIGN Sample Size Determination  At 95% confidence interval using Fischer formula (Fischer et al. 1991)  N = (Z 2 p q) / d 2  Where p = 7.7%, q = 92.3%, z= 1.96, d=0.08  N = 43  When 20% attrition is added sample size = 52 bus drivers

8. Sampling procedure Bus and commuter companies 100 Citi hoppa bus drivers 200 double M bus drivers Sample of 14 bus drivers Sample of 38 bus drivers

9. METHODOLOGY Semi-structured questionnaire  Demographic and socio-economic information  food frequency questionnaire  Physical activity questionnaire  Anthropometry measurements

10. RESULTS CharacteristicsFrequency (N=52)% of sample AGE GROUP (years) 23-30 31-38 39-59 30 18 4 57.7 34.6 7.7 MARITAL STATUS Single Married (monogamous) Married (polygamous) 23 28 1 44.2 53.8 1.9 INCOME <5000 5000-10000 >10000 3 19 30 5.8 36.5 57.7

11. RESULTS cont… CharacteristicsFrequency (N=52)% of sample EDUCATION Upper primary Secondary College university 4 18 28 2 7.7 34.6 53.9 3.9

12. BMI and frequency of fast food consumption

13. Weekly frequency of consumption by BMI FOOD TYPENON- OVERWEIGHT OVERWEIGHT AND/OR OBESE P VALUE Ugali5.5 (1.9)5.9 (1.5)0.121 Biscuits/cookies6.9 (3.9)6.7 (4.3)0.838 Potato fries5.6 (3.3)5.6 (3.5)0.953 Bhajia7.0 (3.2)7.0 (3.3)0.950 Arrow roots3.0 (1.2)1.4 (0.5)0.003* Beef5.2 (2.4)5.4 (2.2)0.869 Kebab7.0 (3.6)5.9 (3.7)0.100 Fruits5.4 (1.7)3.9 (2.2)0.008* Vegetables6.0 (1.5)6.0 (1.6)0.856 margarine5.9 (3.6)7.0 (3.5)0.065 Tea4.2 (2.7)6.0 (1.2)0.392

14. BMI and alcohol consumption

15. Distribution of BMI and smoking habits

16. Distribution of drivers by weight

17. Physical activity level of the drivers

18. FACTORCHI SQUARE P VALUE Age0.622 Marital status0.103 Monthly income0.059 Alcohol intake0.027* Smoking habits0.025* Fast food frequency0.0627 Physical activity0.034*

19. Conclusion Overweight and obesity is highly prevalent among bus drivers in Nairobi with the highest proportion being in the 31-38 years age group. Lack of physical activity is associated with overweight and/or obesity among bus drivers. The relationship between alcohol consumption, smoking habits and nutritional status of the drivers is statistically significant.

20. Recommendations Nutritious foods be made available to the drivers at their work place. Provision of nutrition education to the drivers to make them aware of the practices that lead to overweight and obesity so as to enforce nutrition conscious decisions. Encouragement of physical activity or coming up with simple policy guidelines which should include the health benefits of reducing or breaking up prolonged sitting time.

21. References WHO (2000). Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic. Report of WHO Expert Consultation on Obesity. Geneva. Abubakari AR, Lauder W, Agyemang C, Jones M, Kirk A, Bhopal RS (2008) Prevalence and time trends in obesity among adult West African populations: a meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews. 9:297-311. Bouchard C. and Shepard RJ. (1994) Physical activity, fitness and health; the model and key concepts 1994: 77-88

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