1. Semester 2 Exam Review

2. If you cross pea plants that are dwarf (homozygous recessive), with plants that are tall and heterozygous, what phenotypic ratio would you expect in the next generation?

3. If a trait shows incomplete dominance (such as hypercholesterolemia – HH= normal, Hh = high cholesterol, hh=very high cholesterol), what is the chance a child from two parents with high cholesterol will have normal cholesterol levels?

4. Polygenic inheritance= more than one gene controlling a single trait. If two parents with intermediate skin pigmentation (AaBbCc) have a child, what is the chance that the child will have very dark skin (AABBCC)?

5. The pedigree below traces the inheritance of alkaptonuria, a biochemical disorder. Affected individuals, indicated here by the filled-in circles and squares, are unable to break down a substance called alkapton, which colors the urine and stains body tissues. Does alkaptonuria appear to be caused by a dominant or recessive allele? Fill in the genotypes of the individuals whose genotypes for George, Michael, and Sandra.

6. Indicate the genotypes of individuals 1, 2, 4, 10,11 What is an example of a trait that shows this type of inheritance pattern?

7. If #11 had a child with a woman that is a carrier for this trait, what % of their male children would you expect to express the trait? What % of their female children?

8. Describe natural selection What is the smallest unit that can evolve? What does a population need to have in order to evolve by natural selection? What is the gene pool? Besides natural selection, what is another mechanism of change to a gene pool?

9. What scientists should you think of with: – Genetics? – Natural selection? – Classification?

10. What are the levels of classification as developed by Linnaeus? Which levels of classification are part of a scientific name? How should a scientific name be written?

11. Which kingdom? – Molds, and yeast? – E. coli? – Prokaryotic, unicellular, extreme environment? – Eukaryotic, unicellular, autotrophic? – Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic by ingestion, no cell walls – moss?

12. What are the drawbacks of external reproduction? Why do some organisms use it? How is an amniotic egg a good adaptation for a terrestrial existence? – What 3 animal groups use amniotic eggs?

13. What are the characteristics of a highly efficient digestive system? Why? Give examples of organisms that use: – Intracellular digestion – Gastrovascular cavities – One-way digestive tracts

14. What are the characteristics (3) of a good respiratory membrane?