1. Wake-up 1.Explain the difference between a population and a community. 2. What type of graph is shown below? 3.What type of organisms have this type of growth?

2. Community Interactions

3. Predator-Prey (Predation) One organism benefits and the other is killed. It occurs rapidly and prey is typically killed.

4. Example: Snake and Frog

5. “ Tricks” for catching Prey or avoiding Predation Camouflage

10. Mimicry

17. Aggressive mimicry

18. Competition Two organisms use the same space and resources at the same time; have to fight. Both are harmed in the relationship

19. Example: Kudzu and Native Plants Kudzu was introduced to the United States in 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, PA. It “out competes” other native plants so they don’t have a place to grow.

21. Mutualism Both organisms benefit from their relationship.

22. Example: Cleaner shrimp and other Fish These shrimp set up large cleaning stations on the reef where fish will come to have parasites picked from their skin. The shrimp gets a constant food source and the fish (eel in this case) gets rid of potentially dangerous parasites

23. Cleaner Shrimp and Grouper

25. Commensalism One organism benefits and other is neither harmed nor benefited.

26. Example: Shark and Remora The remora benefits by getting food from the shark’s meal. There is no apparent benefit to the shark.

28. Remora without its shark Note the sucker on the head of the remora (or suckerfish)

29. Parasitism One individual benefits and the other is harmed. Parasites rarely kill their hosts because to do so would ultimately harm the parasite!

30. Example: Tick and Host

31. How well do you understand community interactions?

32. Clownfish and Anemone The clownfish gets protection from the anemone and in return protects the anemone from fish that would eat it (angelfish); the clownfish also keeps the anemone free of dirt and debris.

33. Mutualism

34. Cheetah and Antelope

35. Predator-Prey

36. Aphid and Ant Aphids feed on the sap of the plant they are on. Ants use their antennae to stimulate the aphids and cause them to excrete from their abdomen a substance called honeydew which is rich in the nutrients ants require. Ants, in return for the honeydew, protect the aphids from predators such as flies, wasps, and beetles.

38. Mutualism

39. Pollination Plants provide nectar to attract pollinators; Nectar is food; Pollinators pick up sperm and transfer it to another plant. pollen

41. Mutualism

42. Egret and Cattle The cattle stir up grasshoppers and other insects that the egret likes to eat. There is no apparent benefit to the cow.

43. Commensalism

44. Wasp and Hornworm Larva Adult wasps insert their eggs beneath the skin of the hornworm larva. The eggs hatch and the young feed hornworm until they form a pupa. The worm is killed.

45. Parasitism

46. Spider and Insect The spider is eating an insect that it has trapped.

47. Predator-Prey

48. Eagle and Fish

49. Predator-Prey

50. Whale and Barnacle The barnacle larvae swim around, attach to the whale. This habitat is a good one for providing food. The whale does not “appear” to be harmed.

51. Commensalism

52. Ants and Acacia Trees Ants hollow out the large thorns of the plant for nests and feed on sweet secretions from the base of each leaf. The ants in return protect the trees from herbivores that would eat the leaves.

53. Mutualism

54. Mistletoe and Plants Mistletoe lives off the branches and stems of other trees. It can photo- synthesize a little but not enough to meet its needs. The tree can be very harmed.

55. Parasitism

56. OxPecker Bird and Hoofed Mammal The oxpecker eats parasites on the mammal which is food for the bird and removal of danger for the mammal

57. More Ox (?) peckers

58. Another ox(?)pecker

59. Mutualism