1. Hunger and Sexual Motivation
Module 38 and 39

2. Hunger Motivation Opposite of hunger – satiety
Basic biological drive necessary for survival
Influenced by cultural and psychological factors
Nature vs nuture interacting with motivation

3. Biological Factors Influencing Hunger
Influence feelings of hunger
Stomach contractions
Hormones
Signal

4. Glucose Blood sugar that provides energy for bodily functions
Low levels – people more likely to eat – brain perceives as not having food in awhile
High levels – release of insulin – converts glucose to stored fat and removes from blood

5. Other Hormones Hormone Signal Area Where Hormone is Released Leptin
Satiety
Fat Cells
PYY
Digestive tract
Orexin
Hunger
Hypothalamus
Ghrelin
Empty Stomach

6. Hunger and the Hypothalamus
Lateral hypothalamus
“on” button for hunger
Ventromedial hypothalamus
“off” button for hunger
Paraventricular nucleus
Helps regulates eating through neurotransmitters

8. Eating and the Environment
Environmental factors
Learned preferences
Food-related cues
Stress
Culture
Religion
Learn food habits from our parents

9. Obesity 2/3 of Adult Americans are overweight 50% of them are obese
Contributes to heart disease, diabetes, kidney failure, and cancer
Some people inherit a predisposition to be overweight or to be too thin
Set point – preset natural body weight determined by the # of fat cells in our body

10. Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa
Follow starvation diets
Have unrealistic body images
No matter how thin still think they are fat
video
Bulimia Nervosa
Eating binges followed by purges
Obsessed with food but terrified about being fat

11. Sexual Motivation
Module 39

12. Alfred Kinsey 1940s at IU Not a lot of scientific info about sex
Interview people about sexual histories
Founded the Institute for Sex Research – Kinsey Institute

13. Masters and Johnson William Masters and Virginia Johnson
1960s studied couples
Sexual Response Cycle
Four stages that both men and women experience during sexual arousal

14. Social Motivation
Module 40

15. Achievement Motive
Desire to meet some internalized standard of excellence
Affiliation Motive
Need to be with others
Intrinsic motivation
Desire to perform an activity for its own sake rather for an external reward
Extrinsic motivation
Desire to perform an activity to obtain a reward from outside the individual