1. NUR WAHIDA BT MAWARIDI 232915 NUR SOBIHAH BT ISMAIL 234734 SITI NORSHAHIRAH BT YAAKUB 233709 NURUL SYAZWANIE ABDUL MALEK 228921 URBANIZATION IN KANGAR DR NIRA HARIYANTIE HARTANI

2. Introduction Definition of urbanisation is population from area village to city and an increase in population in cities and town versus rural areas. Kangar city still on maintain highest point history as a symbol identity to the city of Kangar as a cities developed and more advanced like as a Bangunan Jam Besar. The deveploment of Bangunan Jam Besar has now been changed like a Bangunan Pejabat Menteri Besar. Process urbanization and industrialization because of process migration rural population to the city. Indirectly this city can give attraction to rural area for migration at the urban areas.

3. The present state of the area There are various facilities and infrastructure in the vicinity of the kangar perlis between the facility in terms of its security, education, health, and parking lots. Among the facilities that are available after the existence of new cities and the growing development in Kangar.

4. Distribution of the population (number) of Perlis, 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010 1980199120002010 PERLIS144,782183,824198,288227,025

5. The past state of the area Kangar is the capital of Perlis. It has a total population of 48,898 (2004). Kangar Perlis is the administrative center and acts as a major trade center. Kangar is located in five districts namely Sena, Kechor, Wang Bintong, Seriab and Utan Aji. Kangar district is the most populated areas with development. However Kangar before development there are many shortcomings in terms of administration and the state was not a lot of development is done. Therefore, Kangar population began to increase from year to year. It includes the population by gender, ethnicity, age, occupation and education. But before advancing Kangar, the capital city has no facilities to complete either of roads, public facilities and homes in the area.

6. Percentage of Population by Gender, Perlis, 2011-2014 2011201220132014 Men 116.8 117.8118.9120.1 Women120.7121.6122.5123.5

7. PATTERN OF PEOPLE IN KANGAR STATE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS KANGAR

8. Economy: Jobs This is due to the process of rapid urbanization in the sector of economy around Kangar. Opportunities for people to be a worker the community could actively in the services sector. Society: providing educational opportunities Kangar country has established many schools, higher education institutions and to create a generation of intellectuals. Social: Infrastructure transportation also Kangar transport provided such as road, rail which has three stations, namely Padang Besar, Arau, Bukit Keteri. Environmentally : using cutting-edge planned on a more sustainable development as its primary focus on the development of green targets. technique of "tipping control" in disposing of solid waste. The positive effects of urbanization in Kangar

9. ARAU RAINWAY STATION SCHOOL IN KANGAR HIGHWAY

10. Negative effects of urbanization Economy: Unemployment For example, the city did not have a steady job facilities. Perlis become depopulated due to poverty and lack of skilled labor. Community- Number of housing units The amount of the existing housing stock is insufficient to meet demand during household size. Social: crime Social Refer to the table below are the crime rate in the country is very small compared with the total crime rate in the state. the city did use the enforcement and improved security system and litigation firm. Environment: The problem is floods  drain systems do not systematically into the causes flooding of low areas.  Human nature is not the only one responsible is the cause of the flooding as an example of waste disposal in the drain.

11. FLOOD IN KANGAR 2010

12. MODEL & THEORY In the process of urbanization, there is a keen interest to the researchers to see how the city grew and how urban growth projections can be made. One theory was introduced by Sombart and executed by Homer Hovt is Economic Base Theory. The process are help develop the city’s economy and encouraging local growth of the services sector Using Work/ employment as a unit of measurement, Total Employment in making goods and services produced by a town and sold or exported outside of the city called basic activities Economists initially thought that urban growth is a result of the development of the Basic component of the overall employment in an urban area and stressed that employment in Non-Basic components only grew after Basic components evolve

13. CITY Rural Areas export basic Non-basic basic Non-basic bank Shop TOURISTS (ECONOMIC BASE THEORY)

14. Suggestion to overcome the negative impacts  The flood was one of the disasters that frequently occurred in the State of Perlis  Suggestion to avoid flood is providing well-planned drainage system  the materials siltation should always in regulated and cleaned.  the implementation of deepening the river. It is by digging out all mud and impurities there are in the river.

15.  the way to solve the problem of unemployment  government should give financial help give a boost to the economy to flourish  so that more development projects can carried out. So, more the number of workers needed in carrying out the project and everyone got to work

16.  solution of the problem of crime is creating the concept of the city and secure town  to make sure the area is free of cases like theft, rape, grazing and so on  Installation closed circuit camera can avoid the problem of crime To solve the problem of shortage housing units Government should be strict in enforcing the policies in relation to housing development the Government can build elevated houses to ensure sufficient number of home

17. How to ensure positive urbanization in future ensure more balanced urban development in terms of physical development, arrangement of races and participation in urban development creating a spread of urban centres with a range facilities include public transportation in order to avoid traffic congestion. Restructure urban development without prejudice to the rights the interests of locals

18. Conclusion  Rapid development has result in many urban areas evolved to meet the needs of local residents and for achieving national goals  As a result of the process urbanisation there are positive and negative effects that may occur.  so, urgent solution like policy formulation and policy needs to be taken to overcome problems  The overall solution can be made through careful planning in order to control the urban process