2. Infrared Waves  What are they?  Part of the electromagnetic spectrum

3. Electromagnetic Spectrum  Wave in space with electric and magnetic properties  Classified according to the frequency of the waves  Frequency is the number of waves that pass in a certain amount of time

4. Electromagnetic Spectrum  The higher the frequency the more energy is in the waves  When the frequency is very high the waves can have ionizing energy  Ionizing energy means it can change an atom or molecule into an ion  This can be extremely hazardous

5. Infrared Waves  Do you ever use infrared waves?

6. Electromagnetic Spectrum

8. Infrared Waves  Infra means below  Larger frequency than microwaves and smaller than visible light

9. Uses for IR Waves  Remote controls  Medical – Skin therapy  Military – Target acquisition  Short range wireless communication  Astronomy - Photography  Spectroscopy

10. Spectroscopy http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/InfraRed/infrared.htm#ir1

11. Spectroscopy  What is it and how can we use it on rocks?  The study of the interaction between radiation, light, and matter.  http://www.nuance.northwestern.edu/Kec kII/ftir1.asp http://www.nuance.northwestern.edu/Kec kII/ftir1.asp http://www.nuance.northwestern.edu/Kec kII/ftir1.asp

12. Fourier Transform Infrared

14. Spectroscopy  What is it and how can we use it on rocks?

15. Synchrotron Radiation Center

16. AM 0209 Line Map Aperture = 20x20 Step = 45 µm

17. AM 0211 Area Map Aperture = 20x20 Step = 30 µm

18. AM 0209 Spectra 67.75 75.5 0.7= 0.6281 % absorbanceX 62.5 75.5 0.7= 0.5795 % absorbanceX Straight Line French Curve 62.5 75.5 0.7 Absorbance Determining the baseline can be very subjective

19. Absorbance to Wt% Calculation c = A / (Є b) A = absorbance from spectra Є= molar absorbtivity (L mol-1 cm-1) constant b = path length of the sample (cm) sample thickness c = concentration (mol L-1) Beer-Lambert Law http://teaching.shu.ac.uk/hwb/chemistry/tutorials/molspec/beers1.htm

20. Wt % to Pressure Calculation  VolatileCalc, Newman and Lowenstern, 2002  Visual Basic for Excel  Pressure the magma was under when it crystallized (bars)

21. Ice Thickness Calculation Pressure converted from bars to mH 2 O mH 2 O divided by density of ice Ice thickness