1. Respiratory System

2. 2 levels Internal Respiration – Cellular Respiration the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body. O 2 is required to break down glucose, release CO 2, and produces large amounts of ATP.

3. External Respiration exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood involves the respiratory system

4. Respiratory Structures and passage of air http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/16919-the-human-respiratory-system-video.htm

5. Passage of air

6. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/23914-lungs-the-structure-and-characteristics-of- lungs-video.htm

7. Regulation of Breathing involuntary action under control of the medulla oblongata.

8. Factors affecting Breathing CO 2 chemically combines with water in the blood to form carbonic acid – H 2 CO 3 Carbonic acid releases a H + ion resulting in bicarbonate – HCO 3 - – Lowers pH levels –maintains proper acidic levels in the blood The medulla detects the changes in the pH levels Response – increase breathing depth and rate This process reverses in the lungs; CO2 exhaled

9. The mechanism of breathing Ventilation – mechanism of breathing in and out Breathing: –Inhalation (inspiration)– air pulled into lungs –Exhalation ( expiration) – air pushed out lungs produced by movements of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/16925-the-respiratory-system- breathing-video.htm

10. Inhalation Diaphragm is stilumated to contract (moves downward) Thoracic cavity (chest cavity) enlarges; –volume increases –Intercostal muscles (between the ribs) also contract

11. Pressure in the alveoli decreases Air is pulled into the airways

12. Exhalation Diaphragm relaxes (moves upward) Volume of the thoracic cavity decreases –Ribs and sternum moves downward Pressure in the alveoli increases Air is forced out of the lungs http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery-health/14422-human-atlas-how-lungs-function-video.htm

13. Close Window Respiration (Human): Processes Involved Return to Top Mechanism of BreathingMechanism of Breathing

14. Close Window Ventilation (Human) Return to Top VentilationVentilation

15. Smoking The tar in cigarettes causes paralysis of the cilia Result: the air is not filtered Tar builds up in lungs

16. Affects of Smoking Healthy Lung Smokers Lung

17. Emphysema A disease in which the alveoli of the lungs are damaged. This leads to a decrease in the surface area available for gas exchange

18. Asthma Involves narrowing of the bronchioles leads to recurrent attacks of breathlessness. Often these are triggered by an allergic reaction

19. Bronchitis Inflammation of the bronchi

20. Pneumonia Inflammation of the lungs most often due to viral or bacterial infection Pleurisy Inflammation of the pleura

21. Close Window External and Internal Respiration (Human) Return to Top

22. Exchange of Gases (Human Lungs)

23. Close Window Control of Respiration (Human) Return to Top Controlof RespiratIonControlof RespiratIon

25. Close Window Lungs (Human): Circulation Return to Top

26. Close Window Lungs and Heart (Human): Posterior View Return to Top

27. Close Window Lower Respiratory Tract (Human): Lung Structure Return to Top

28. Close Window Lower Respiratory Tract (Human): Lung Function Return to Top LungFunctionLungFunction

29. Close Window Bronchioles and Alveoli (Human) Return to Top Bronchioles and AlveoliBronchioles and Alveoli

30. Close Window Bronchial Tree (Human): Overview Return to Top

31. Close Window Upper Respiratory Tract (Human): Nose and Sinuses Return to Top