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Oceanography
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How much of the Earth’s surface is water?
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71%
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Name the oceans
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Arctic Atlantic Indian Pacific
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Which ocean is the largest?
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Pacific
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Which is the smallest?
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Arctic
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Which is the deepest ocean?
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Pacific
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What are seas?
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Smaller than oceans and re partly surrounded by land or a chain of oceans
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What are they also called?
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Gulfs
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What is a characteristic of an ocean?
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Salinity – the saltiness
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Where do the minerals come from?
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Weathering from rocks on land
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Is the salinity the same in all parts of the ocean?
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No
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Why not?
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There is less in the colder regions because less evaporation and more fresh water melting
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More in warmer climates because there is more evaporation of the water
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What is water pressure?
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The weight of the water pressing on an object
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What happens as you go deeper?
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There is more pressure because of more water on top of you
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What is the continental shelf?
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The shallow area around the edge of the continent that extends into the ocean
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What is the Continental slope?
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A steep drop in land that extends from the continental shelf to the bottom of the ocean
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What is the Abyssal Plain?
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The flattest part of the ocean floor.
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What is a ridge?
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An underwater mountain range
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What is a rift?
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A deep valley in the ocean floor
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What are waves?
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The up and down movement of surface water
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What causes waves?
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The wind
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Why?
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Because water moves more slowly than wind
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Does water move forward very much?
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No – it stays in relatively the same position
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What are some other causes of waves?
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Earthquakes, volcanoes, and extremely low air pressure
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What is a tidal wave called?
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Tsunami
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How high can it get?
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Over 100 feet
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What is another problem during storms?
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Storm surge
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What is it?
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The continual increase of the level of the high tide
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What is a rogue wave?
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It is a large wave coming in a different direction than the others
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What are currents?
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A stream of water that flows through the ocean like a river
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What is special about this?
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It moves water forward – sometimes long distances
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What are the different kinds of currents?
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Surface Shoreline rip
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What are surface currents?
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The flow of water across the surface of the ocean – usually caused by prevailing winds
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How large can they be?
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Hundred kilometers wide by hundreds of meters deep
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How does this affect the world?
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It brings cold water to warm areas and warm water to cold areas and impacts the climate
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What are shoreline currents?
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Local currents that run along the coast – these can change daily
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What is a rip current?
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A shoreline current that flows away from the beach
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How does this happen?
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The water finds the easiest way away from the beach and pulls through the sandbars producing a strong current
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What is a longshore current?
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The water strikes the beach at an angle and moves the water forward along the shore
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What also causes the currents?
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The rotation of the Earth and the differences in temperature
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How does the temperature affect it?
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Cold water sinks and warm water rises causes the water to change places
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What is tides?
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The repeated rise and fall of the level of the ocean
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What is caused by?
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Gravity of the moon
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The End
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