1. Primary steps in plant breeding
Develop a Vision
Find or Create Variability (Techniques)
Apply Selection Pressure
Evaluate and Select (Screen)
Commercialize
Vision- developed from your knowledge and experiences w/ horticultural crops, plt pathology, entomology, etc… Sometimes its based on your intuition or expectations
Variability- obtaining the genetic variation for the traits your interested in. Sources include modern cultivars, heirloom cultivars, wild taxa, related species, and now, with biotechnology any living organism
Techniques- include traditional or classical plant reproduction such as self and cross pollination. Also includes identification of incompatibility systems or other problems w/ normal reproduction. And now can also be based in biotechnology such as with protoplast fusion or embryo rescue from wide crosses
Selection pressure- the development of an evaluation environment that allows for the expression of variation in the trait of interest. You can’t breed for Pythium resistance without Pythium being present in your selection environment
Evaluation/selection- involves the statistical analysis of progenies, Also includes an experimental design that allows for the detection of differences between families or individuals
Commercialization- can include establishment of clean stock, bulking up, production, and intellectual property protection

2. General Breeding Procedure
I. Producing initial variation (crossing of diverse material)
II. Development, testing, and selection of potential cultivar
III. Testing experimental varieties and selection and multiplication of the best

3. In vitro breeding methods
Selection breeding methods
In vitro breeding methods
Plant Breeding in the 21th Century
Molecular breeding methods
Transgenic breeding methods

4. Conventional breeding methods
Selection
Hybridization
Mutagenesis
Polyploidy
Heterosis

5. Selection breeding methods
The oldest method for plant improvement
Mass selection
Bulk breeding method
Single-seed descent
Pedigree breeding

6. In vitro breeding Somaclonal variation Haploid and double breeding
In vitro selection
Somatic Hybridization
Micro-propagation

7. Transgenic breeding Gene construct methods Transformation methods
Screening methods
Evaluation methods

8. Molecular breeding Marker techniques Quantitative trait loci
Marker assisted breeding methods

9. Comparing Genetic Modification Techniques
Selective Breeding Mutation breeding Transgenic breeding
Level Precision Certainty Limits
Whole organism
Molecule
Thousands of genes
Unknown
Single gene
Genetic change poorly characterized
Gene function well understood
Between species and genera
Not applicable
No limitations
Will walk them through this slide, stressing that GE is more precise and predictable and that GE, because it allows us access to all of nature’s diversity, can provide products we’ve only dreamed of before now.

10. Traditional plant breeding
Traditional donor
Commercial variety
New variety
DNA is a strand of genes, much like a strand of pearls. Traditional plant breeding combines many genes at once.
(many genes are transferred) X =
Desired Gene
(crosses)
Desired gene
Transgenic breeding
Using plant biotechnology, a single gene may be added to the strand.
Desired gene
Commercial variety
New variety
(transfers) =
(only desired gene is followed)

11. New tools in plant breeding
No.
Breeding steps
New tools 1.
Creating variability
Somaclonal technique
Protoplast fusion technique
Transformation technique 2.
Selection
In vitro selection technique
Marker development technique
Double haploid technique 3.
Evaluation
Marker technique 4.
Releasing
1. Marker technique 5.
Seed production
Micropropagation technique
Marker technique

12. Outline In vitro breeding Transgenic breeding Molecular breeding
Micropropagation methods
Protoplast isolation and fusion methods
Somaclonal variation
In vitro Screening methods
Transgenic breeding
A. Gene construct methods
B. Transformation methods
C. Transgenic Plant
Molecular breeding
Marker development methods
Marker Assisted Selection methods
Marker Assisted Backcrossing methods

13. Seminar Topics Organogenesis Embryogenesis
Protoplast isolation and fusion methods
In vitro fertilization
Induction of somaclonal variation
In vitro screening methods
Vector construction method
Transformation methods
Marker based Southern Blot and sequencing techniques
Marker based PCR techniques
Marker Assisted Selection methods

14. Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
"Never think for a minute that we are going to build permanent peace in this world on empty stomachs and human misery."
Norman Borlaug
Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
“Never think for a minute that we are going to build permanent peace in this world on empty stomachs and human misery.”
Nobel Peace Prize Laureate,
Norman Borlaug