1. Adherence & the Role of Consumers & Carers in Medication Management Sue Henderson

2. Develop Stay Well Plan Identify what can cause an episode Recognise early warning signs (EWS) Learn what to do to prevent an episode (Blackdog Institute, 2008)

3. Visiting a health professional Think about questions you want to ask and things you want to say before your visit Ask for an interpreter if necessary Consider taking someone with you to be your second set of ears or advocate Ask your health professional to repeat any information that you missed or did not understand

4. Visiting a health professional Ask your health professional to write down any important information or instructions Ask your health professional to tell you where you can find more information Tell your health professional if you need time to think or discuss something with family members (NPS, 2007, p. 5)

5. Medication list See medication list handout and teaching plan

6. Brief Survey Have you ever experienced an adverse outcome from prescribed medication that resulted from you taking the wrong medication, dose or other medication mix up? What do you think was the cause of the error?

7. Research Brown, Frost, Ko, and Woosley (2006)

8. Consumers views of the cause of Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) 1.1. Miscommunication between Dr & consumer 2.2. Consumer does not follow medication instructions 3.3. Consumer self medicates with herbs, OTC or prescription drugs without Dr Order 4.4. Consumer does not read medication label or insert

9. Consumers views cont… 5. Consumer takes multiple drugs that interact. 6. Individual consumer characteristics affect prescribing & outcomes 7. Miscommunication between pharmacist & consumer 8. Consumer takes wrong medications

10. Miscommunication between Dr & consumer Consumer does not ask questions or give information to Dr Consumer is distracted when talking with Dr Dr does not ask questions or give information to consumer Consumer & Dr differ in culture or primary language

11. Websites National Prescribing Service (NPS) an independent organisation promoting the Quality Use of Medicines (QUM) www.nps.org.au/consumers RACGP www.racgp.org/patients PBS www.pbs.gov.au/consumer/home

12. References Blackdog Institute. (2008). Develop your own stay well plan. www.blackdoginstitute.org.auwww.blackdoginstitute.org.au Brown, M., Frost, R., Ko, Y., & Woosley, R. (2006). Diagramming patients' views of root causes of adverse drug events in ambulatory care: An online tool for planning education and research. Patient Education & Counseling, 62(3), 302-315. National Prescribing Service. (2007). Communication: It takes two to tango. Medicine Talk, 21, 1-8