1. WHII: SOL 4a-f
Age of Exploration

2. Why did Europeans go exploring?
Factors contributing to the European discovery of lands in the Western Hemisphere
Why did Europeans go exploring?
Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources in Europe
Used to flavor and preserve food, make medicines and perfumes

3. Factors (Continued) Support for the diffusion of Christianity
Spread of Christianity thru missionaries
Political and economic competition between European empires
Increased of trade and control of new lands=WORLD POWER!!!!!

4. How were Europeans able to go exploring across oceans?
Factors (continued)
How were Europeans able to go exploring across oceans?
Innovations of European and Islamic origins in navigational arts
Mapmakers (cartographers) more accurate maps
Compass
Better ships
Astrolabe (to determine latitude)
Pioneering role of Prince Henry the Navigator

5. Prince Henry the Navigator
Led the way in sponsoring navigation in Portugal
Saw promise in Africa (convert Africans, gain control of riches dominated by the Muslims)
Hoped to find a maritime route to Asia by going around Africa

6. Prince Henry the Navigator
Gathered scientists, cartographers, and experts to adjust maps, design ships, and trained captains and crews
Portuguese slowly made their way down the west coast of Africa
1460-Prince Henry dies
1488- Bartholomew Dias rounds the Cape of Good Hope

8. Group Work
Students will work in 7 groups to create the “notes” for an explorer.
Country of origin
Country they sailed for
Important Dates
Where did they explore?
2 important contributions (at least)
These will be presented to the class

9. Establishment of overseas empires and decimation of indigenous populations
Portugal: Vasco da Gama
Spain: Christopher Columbus, Hernando Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, Ferdinand Magellan
England: Francis Drake
France: Jacques Cartier
Atlas pgs , 76

10. Vasco da Gama From: Portugal Sailed for: Portugal
Explored: Cape of Good Hope, India (Calicut)
Dates:
1497-sailed around Cape of Good Hope
1502-forced treaty with Calicut
Contributions: confirmed Portugal as a world power, established a trade empire in Indian Ocean

11. Christopher Columbus From: Italy (Genoa) Sailed for: Spain
Explored: Caribbean (North America) (West Indies)
Dates: 1492-discovered North America
Contributions: established Spain as a major power in “New World”, discovered North America

12. Hernando Cortez From: Cuba Sailed for: Spain
Explored: Mexico (Central America)
Dates: 1519-landed in Mexico, 1521 captured Tenochtitlan
Contributions: conquered Aztec empire, decimated the population

13. Francisco Pizarro From: Spain Sailed for: Spain
Explored: South America
Dates: 1532 arrived in Peru
Contributions: captured Incan empire, killed Atahualpa (ruler)

14. Ferdinand Magellan From: Portugal Sailed for: Spain
Explored: the Pacific Ocean
Dates: 1522-circumnavigated the world
Contributions: 1st to circumnavigate the world

15. Francis Drake From: England Sailed for: England
Explored: Atlantic and Pacific, 2nd to circumnavigate the world
Dates: followed in Magellan’s footsteps and circled the Earth
Contributions: 2nd to circumnavigate the globe, pirate who stole from other nations and provided gave spoils to England

16. Jacques Cartier From: France Sailed for: France Explored: Canada
Dates: began exploring eastern Canada, discovered the St. Lawrence river
Contributions: claimed much of Canada for France, discovered and named the St. Lawrence river

18. Atlas pages 68-69(da Gama, Magellan, Drake, Columbus)
Pg. 76(Cortez, Pizarro, Cartier)
Text pg. 85 (Diaz)

20. England
Ireland
Spain
France
Portugal
Italy
Belgium
Netherlands
Switzerland
Germany
Turkey
Russia
Atlantic Ocean
North Sea
Baltic Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Adriatic Sea
Bay of Biscay
English Channel