1. Presentation on Review of Kharif and Preparedness for Rabi 2008/09 Dr. N.B. Singh Agriculture Commissioner Department of Agriculture & Cooperation Ministry of Agriculture Government of India National Conference Rabi 2008-09 Sept 24-25, 2008

2. Rainfall situation in the Current Season

3. Weather charts as on 17.09.2008

4. Status of Rainfall Kharif 2008 Monsoon started well in time, reached earlier in North West particularly Rajasthan. There was good and well distributed rains except in Maharashtra, North interior Karnataka, Gujarat, Rayalseema, which had deficient / scanty rains. Since 4 th week of July, there has been good rains even in the affected states / regions. The overall status is about -2% of long range average rainfall in the country. NE and Western M.P. are the only two regions where the rainfall is a little less than normal

5. c umulative rainfall in drought affected areas during Kharif 2008 (1.6.2008 to 17.9.2008 ) Meteorological Sub Division Normal (mm)Actual (mm) Difference (%) Madhya Maharashtra624707+13 Marathawada637549-12 Vidharbha915754-18 North Interior Karnataka406401 Gujarat Region885833-6-6 Saurashtra & Kutch & Diu463508+10 Rayalseema311369+19

6. Progress of Sowing of Kharif 2008-09 ( As on 19.9.2008) CropNormal AreaArea sownIncrease /Decrease over last year (+/-) 20082007 Rice389.66373.51361.81(+)11.70 Jowar40.4129.1433.94(-) 4.80 Bajra91.7276.7182.73(-) 6.01 Maize65.7671.2173.51(-) 2.31 Cotton87.4890.6492.50(-) 1.86 Sugarcane41.0344.1352.95(-) 8.82 Oilseeds158.97179.05174.58(+) 4.46 Pulses108.71102.81123.01(-) 20.19 Area in lakh ha

7. Season-wise Production Trends of Foodgrains (million tonnes) YearKharif Production Rabi Production Total Foodgrains Production 1989-90100.9970.05171.04 1996-97103.9295.52199.44 1998-99102.91110.69203.60 1999-2000105.51104.29209.80 2001-02112.07110.78212.85 2007-08120.97109.70230.67 Kharif Area – 1988-90 - 81.4 m ha 2007-08 - 73.58 m ha Rabi area - 1989-90 - 45.6 m ha 2007-08 - 50.86 m ha Kharif Productivity – 1989-90 – 1.2 t/ha 2007-08 - 1.64 t/ha Rabi Productivity - 1989-90 – 1.54 t/ha 2007-08 – 2.15 t / ha

8. Prospects of Rabi 2008-09 With Reference to Food Security Mission

9. National Food Security Mission Launched in Rabi 2007 / 08 Target : 20 million tons of additional food grains, 10 of rice, 8 of wheat and 2 of Pulses in the next 4 years An outlay of Rs. 4883 crores provided over a period of five years, 2007-08 to 2010-11 312 districts to be covered in 17 States that are having very high yield gaps 20 m ha of Rice, 13 m ha of Wheat and 4 mha of Pulses are to be covered during XI Plan.

10. NFSM : Objectives of The Mission Increase production of rice, wheat and pulses through area expansion and productivity enhancement ; Restoring soil fertility and productivity at individual farm level; Enhancing farm level economy (i.e. farm profits) to restore confidence of farmers of targeted districts Paradigm shift to focus States / Districts with higher yield potential and large yield gaps

11. StateProductivity (Quintal per hectare ) 2000-012005-062006-072007-08 Bihar21.416.217.420.6 Haryana41.038.441.841.6 M.P.14.716.117.916.8 Punjab45.641.8 45.1 Rajasthan24.027.627.027.5 U.P27.226.227.227.9 Maharashtra12.513.914.416.6 West Bengal24.821.122.623.2 Gujarat22.627.025.027.0 All India27.026.226.727.9 Rabi Crops : Wheat Productivity trends in major wheat growing States

12. Wheat : State-wise production from 2001-02 and 2007-08 Area (m ha)Production (m t) State2001-022007-082001-022007-08++ Bihar2.132.154.394.410.02 Gujarat0.471.391.143.762.62 Haryana2.302.479.4310.290.80 Madhya Pradesh3.703.746.006.270.27 Maharashtra0.781.251.072.081.01 Punjab3.423.4915.4915.740.25 Rajasthan2.292.596.387.120.74 Uttar Pradesh9.269.1225.4925.43-0.06 Others1.991.953.323.28-0.08 All India26.3428.1572.7778.405.63

13. Causes for Low Productivity of Wheat Delayed sowing specially in rice-wheat and in cotton-wheat system Low Seed Replacement Rate (SRR) Low and imbalanced use of fertilizers / nutrients Soil degradation and loss of fertility leading to deceleration of factor productivity Abrupt temperature rise during grain formation period.

14. Imbalanced use of Plant Nutrients State2005-062006-072007-08 (P) NP 2 O 5 K2OK2ON K2OK2ON K2OK2O Bihar7.01.319.72.2110.32.31 Orissa4.01.514.81.714.42.01 W.B.2.31.312.31.312.21.31 Haryana29.68.8147.313.4134.18.71 Punjab19.95.9133.79.2133.36.51 A.P.4.52.014.42.114.21.91 Karnataka2.21.312.61.512.51.31 Contd. …..

15. Imbalanced use of Plant Nutrients State 2005-06 N P 2 O 5 K2OK2O N K2OK2O N P2O5P2O5 K2OK2O T.N2.00.912.21.011.80.81 Gujarat7.22.817.73.017.12.91 M.P.9.55.5111.26.3110.55.71 Chattisgarh6.12.815.72.416.02.31 Maharashtra3.21.813.31.812.91.61 Rajasthan31.212.2151.219.9132.812.61 All India5.32.215.92.415.52.21 Contd…

16. Strategy for Enhancing Production of Wheat Bridging the yield gap between the potential and the present level of productivity through  Acceleration of seed production  Integrated Nutrient Management and Integrated Pest Management  Promotion of improved production technologies like timely planting of wheat and promotion of new improved variety of Pulses  Supply of input and ensuring their timely availability  Farmers Training and Visits

17. Technology For Adoption Wheat → Timely planting - State Campaign →Planting through zero till seed drill / normal seed drill → Seed treatment before sowing → Balanced use of fertilizer → Efficient use of irrigation water through sprinklers and light irrigation → Frequent irrigation in case of abrupt rise in temperatures →Replacement of most popular wheat variety PBW 343 with DBW 17, HD 2687, PBW -550 (Punjab) and other improved varieties

18. Yield penalty for Delayed sowing of wheat Time of sowing and yield t / ha Normal 15 Nov. Late Mid Dec. Very late Late Dec. Loss kg/ha/day LateVery late North East ( East UP, Bihar, WB) 3.83.12.433.449.9 Northwest (Punjab, Haryana, West UP. ) 4.53.62.832.149.6 Central (M.P., Raj. Guj.) 4.33.72.634.652.8 Southern States (Karnataka, Mah.) 3.53.12.527.136.3 *Based on multilocation long term (10 Years) trials of ICAR (DWR Bul. 2004)

19. Economics of Sulphur fertilizer application CropPrice (2007-08) (Rs/kg) Yield increase kg grain/kg S Value of grain Rs/kg.S Value : Cost ratio Paddy6.4528180.613.9 Wheat10.0022220.016.9 Maize6.2023142.611.0 Chickpea (Gram)16.0014224.017.2 Soybean9.108162.012.5 Mustard18.009162.012.5 Groundnut15.502843433.4 *= Data presented in the TSI/FAI/IFA Symposium on ‘Sulphur in Balanced Fertilization held during February 13-14, 1997 at New Delhi

20. Important Rabi / Summer Pulse Crops are : Gram :M.P., Maharashtra, Rajasthan, A.P., U.P. Karnataka Lentil :U.P., M.P., Bihar, West Bengal Peas : U.P., M.P., Bihar Green Gram: Orissa, U.P., Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, A.P Blackgram : A.P., Orissa, Tamil Nadu

21. Available Technology for increasing production of Rabi Pulses Timely sowing: Zero till Seeding Quality Seed :15 to 20% more yield Application of Sulphur : 20-25 kg /ha 20 to 25 % yield increase Light Irrigation :25 to 50% yield increase Seed priming :Better emergence and crop growth Intercropping : With sugarcane/mustard/wheat

22. Intercropping under rainfed and irrigated conditions Utilization of rice fallows Pulses in Intensive Cropping systems under irrigated conditions Substitution of low value crops

23. Rice Fallows in India

24. StateRice Fallow (000 ha)Rice fallow as % of kharif rice A.P30511.5 Assam53924.1 Bihar + Jharkhand2196 36.8 II Karnataka18218.5 MP + Chhatisgarh4382 78.3 I Orissa1219 31.4 IV UP353 5.6 West Bengal1719 37.2 III Total1165229 Area under Rice Fallows

25. Soaking seeds in water for 6-8 hrs (Seed priming) Planting 6-8 days before harvest of rice Enhanced seed rate Seed treatment with fungicide and Rhizobium Effective weed management Foliar spray of 2% urea at pre- flowering and podding Crop Management Technologies for Rice Fallows

26. National Food Security Mission Operational Issues

27. Quality Seed Hybrid Rice Appropriate public bred hybrids for different States are not available Availability of seed of available hybrids is inadequate to meet the demand Seed production programme is inadequate to meet the demand Wheat Inadequate availability of 10 years old varieties Higher dependence on PBW 343 Pulses Inadequate availability of seeds of 10 years old varieties Varietal mismatch to be removed

28. Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Balanced use of plant nutrients brings about synergy and improves factor productivity Availability of Micronutrients, lime and gypsum is observed to be constraint in some States Priority areas for implementation is not well defined due to lack of spatial data No system of organized supply of micro nutrients in some States.

29. Farmers’ Field School The appropriate course curriculum for FFS for targeted crops and technologies to be developed by each State The trainers/facilitators are limited Distribution of sessions for preparatory, input application and pest management and post harvest operations The SAUs, KVKs, ICAR institutes involvement is limited

30. Awareness among farmers Display boards depicting details of components and rate of assistance available under National Food Security Mission at each block office Organization of block-level Kisan Goshthis / Kisan Melas for the distribution of inputs and creating awareness Road side panels and hoardings of National Food Security Mission Publicity through print media in local languages Organization of puppet shows in local markets Wall writing - slogans

31. Other operational issues Preparation of District Plans for NFSM Baseline survey in identified districts Advance planning for seed production for 2009-10 Releasing of funds to district-level agencies in time Releasing of funds for publicity to district-level agencies to organize local level publicity campaigns Preparation of projects under local initiatives by the districts

32. Prospects for Rabi 2008-09 Delayed withdrawal of monsoon has improved the soil moisture through out the country ; the Rabi crop coverage is expected to increase In rainfed regions pulses and oilseed area can be increased substantially There is likely to be more demand for input i.e. Seed and fertilizer for which preparedness is required In certain regions i.e heavy soils excess moisture may delay Rabi sowing and may cause seedling mortality Need preparedness for early sowing of Rabi crops in central and western India Seed treatment under high moisture is essential to protect seedlings in early stage

33. Preparedness For Rabi : 2008 Wheat minikits are ready for dispatch. States need to indicate designated places for delivery Availability of quality seed to be ensured by State in identified districts Availability of micro nutrients like zinc, boron etc. to be ensured for all deficient districts A massive campaign to be planned for timely sowing and seed treatment through print media / radio / T.V.

34. Target for Rabi Crop area in 2008-09 considering shortfall in Kharif Area (lakh hectare) CropNormal areaArea during 2007-08 Target area for 2008-09 Wheat265.30281.93285.00 Rice37.1643.88 Pulses115.99122.16137.16 ; (15 lakh ha more area ) Maize8.0211.2816.28 ; (2.5 lakh ha more area) Rabi jowar49.1143.6250.62 ; (2.5 lakh ha more area ) *About 2 m ha more area in the Rabi 2008-09 than in 2007 -08

35. Target for Additional Area Under Pulses During Rabi 2008-09 CropNormalArea inTargetAdditionalStates Area2007-082008-09area Projected Gram66.3180.487.57.1 U.P., M.P., Raj.,Mah., A.P.& Ors Lentil14.2614.016.52.5U.P., M.P.,Bihar & Ors Pea7.166.777.771.0U.P., M.P. & Ors Urad10.518.811.52.65A.P., Orissa, TN & Ors Moong9.527.329.722.4A.P., Orissa, TN & Ors Total107.76117.30133.015.65 (Area lakh ha)

36. NFSM Monitoring Issues The Project Management Teams (PMT) in many districts are not constituted / functional The monitoring of the demonstrations and other interventions are inadequate The SAUs/ICAR institutes need to be involved in monitoring The district level PMTs are not provided with the transports and other moving facilities for proper monitoring The State Mission Directors are not dedicated to NFSM alone which affecting proper execution and monitoring The data of adoption/spread of new varieties as a follow up of seed minikit is not available due to inadequate monitoring and record.

37. THANK YOU

38. Impact of NFSM on Input Use Use of better varieties seeds in wheat and pulses has substantially increased in the NFSM-Districts. Increase in wheat seed distribution from 43% in Rajasthan to as high 10 times in Bihar. In pulses improved seed consumption increased by 29% in Rajasthan to more than 400% in Chhattisgarh. The wheat production in the NFSM districts increased by 0.9 million tones. Thus the contribution of NFSM districts of identified states in the increased production over 2006-07 is about 35%. Significant gain in yield in the States of Punjab (6.9%), Bihar (6.6%), Maharashtra (14.7%), MP (4%) and Rajasthan (2.6%).

39. Production of Foodgrains and Commercial Crops During 2005-2007 Crops2005-062006-072007-08 Rice91.7993.3596.43 Wheat69.3575.8178.40 Maize14.7115.1019.31 Total Coarse cereals34.0633.9240.73 Total Pulses13.3914.2015.11 Total Foodgrains208.60217.28230.67 Groundnut7.994.869.36 Soybean8.278.859.99 Oilseeds27.9824.2928.83 Cotton*18.5022.6325.81 (Million tones) (million bales of 170 kg each)

40. Impact of NFSM on Wheat in Punjab S.No. DistrictsYield Gain after NFSM 2006-072007-08 1Hoshiarpur3.643.750.11 2Ferozpur4.084.560.48 3Amritsar4.154.420.27 4TaranTaran4.144.450.31 5Gurdaspur3.974.270.29 6Sangrur4.434.700.27 7Ropar3.794.190.40 8Bhatinda4.264.340.08 Area lakh ha; Production lakh tones; Yield t/ha

41. District Level Action Plans * The annual action plan to be prepared by District Food Security Mission Executive Committee (DFSMEC) headed by Collector *A baseline survey to beconducted by District agency to record current levels of production. *The annual action plan for the district to be based on potential and available technology. *State level action plan to be prepared based on district level action plan. *DFSMEC to identify new initiative other than approved interventions as per needs and requirement of agroclimatic conditions *For selection of beneficiaries Panchayat Raj institutions to be associated at village level

42. Region wise Recommended varieties of Wheat ZONESRECOMMENDED VARIETIES Northern Hill Zone Irrigated timely sown : VL 738, VL 804, HS 240 Rainfed timely sown: VL 738, VL 804, HS 240 Rainfed late sown: HS 295, HS 420, Rainfed early sown: VL 616, HS-277, VL-829, North Western Plain Zone Irrigated timely sown: PBW 502, PBW 343, HD 2687, WH 542, UP 2338, RAJ 3077 – PDW 233*, PDW 291*, WH-896* Irrigated late sown: PBW 373 UP-2338 UP-2425, RAJ 3765 Rainfed : PBW 299, PBW 396, PBW 175, C-306, Salt affected soils, KRL 1-4, KRL 19 North- eastern plain zone Irrigated timely sown : HD 2824, HD 2733, PBW-343, PBW 443, HUW 468, NW-1012, K-8804 Irrigated late sown : NW 2036, DBW-14, HW-2045, HP-1744, HP-1633, HD-2643 Rainfed Timely sown : K-8962, K9465, K-8027, C-306 Salt affected soils : KRL 1-4, KRL 19 Contd… *Durum

43. ZONESRECOMMENDED VARIETIES Central ZoneIrrigated timely sown : GW 322, GW 273, DL-803-3, GW- 190, LOK1 HI 8498*, HI-8381* RAJ 1555* Irrigated late sown HD 2864, DL 788-2, MP-4010, GW 173 Limited Irrigation : HI – 8627* Rainfed - HD 4672*- HI 8627*, HI 1500, HW 2004, JWS 17, Sujatha, C-306 Salt affected Soils : KRL 1-4, KRL 19, Peninsular Zone Irrigated Timely Zone – RAJ – 4037, GW-322- DWR-162, MACS 2496, HD-2189, MACS-2846*, DDK 1009*. Irrigated late sown : DWR 195, NIAW 34 HUW-510 Rainfed timely sown : HD-2781 K-9644 MACS 1967 Salt affected soils : KRL – 19, KRL -1-4 Southern Hill Zone Bread wheat : HW-2044, HW 1085 Dicoccum: DDK-1001, DDK 1009 Contd…. *Durum

44. StatesVarieties Andhra Pradesh TM 96-2, LGG 460, WGG 2, Pusa 9072, LGG 410 TamilnaduPusa 9072, ADT 3 Maharasht ra TARM 1 Orissa OBGG 52, LGG 460 Improved Varieties of Pulse Crops for Rice Fallows Mungbean

45. StateVarieties Andhra Pradesh LBG 709, WBG 26, TU 94-2, LBG 40 TamilnaduVamban 3, WBG 26, TU 94-2 MaharashtraAKU 4, TU 94-2 OrissaB-3-8-8, OBG 17, TU 94-2 KarnatakaWBG 26, TU 94-2 Urdbean

46. StatesVarieties Bihar, UP, Jharkhand and Chhatisgarh BG 372, PG 186, Udai, JG 11, JG 16, Pusa 256 AP, Karnataka and Maharashtra JG 11, JG 315, ICCV 10, ICCV 2, Samrat LENTIL West Bengal, AssamHUL 57, KLS 218, Subrata, Narendra Masoor 1, PL 639 Bihar, UP, JharkhandHUL 57, KLS 218 Chattisgarh, MPJL 3, IPL 81Chickpea