1. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-1 Chapter 12 Giving Oral Presentations

2. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-2 Preparing an Oral Presentation l Identify your purpose. Decide what you want your audience to believe, remember, or do when you finish. Aim all parts of your talk toward your purpose.

3. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-3 Preparing an Oral Presentation l Understand your audience. Anticipate their reactions and make adaptations. Consider age, education, experience, and size of audience.

4. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-4 Preparing an Oral Presentation l Organize for Impact. Collect information and organize logically. Remember these steps: 1.Tell them what you’re going to say. 2.Say it. 3.Tell them what you’ve just said.

5. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-5 Preparing an Oral Presentation l Capture attention in the introduction. Get the audience involved. Capture attention by opening with a promise, story, startling fact, question, or quotation. Establish your credibility by identifying your position, expertise, knowledge, or qualifications. Introduce your topic. Preview the main points.

6. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-6 Preparing an Oral Presentation l Organize the body of your presentation. Develop two to four main points. Streamline your topic and summarize its principal parts. Arrange the points logically: chronologically, from most important to least; by comparison and contrast; or by some other strategy. Prepare transitions. Use "bridge" statements between major points. (I've just discussed three reasons for X; now I want to move to Y.) Use verbal signposts: however, for example, etc.

7. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-7 Preparing an Oral Presentation l Organize the body of your presentation. Have extra material ready. Be prepared with more information and visuals if needed. l Summarizing in the conclusion. Review your main points. Provide a final focus. Tell how listeners can use this information, why you have spoken, or what you want them to do. Use an anecdote, inspiring quotation, or a statement.

8. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-8 Types of Verbal Support

9. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-9 Types of Verbal Support

10. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-10 Types of Verbal Support

11. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-11 Effective Imagery Analogies Metaphors Similes Personal anecdotes

12. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-12 Effective Imagery Personalized statistics Worst- and best-case scenarios Examples

13. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-13 Nine Techniques for Gaining and Keeping Audience Attention l A promise "By the end of my talk, you will.... " l Drama Tell a moving story; describe a problem. l Eye contact Command attention at the beginning by making eye contact with as many people as possible.

14. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-14 Nine Techniques for Gaining and Keeping Audience Attention l Movement Leave podium area. Move toward audience. l Questions Ask for show of hands. Use rhetorical questions. l Demonstrations Include member of audience.

15. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-15 Nine Techniques for Gaining and Keeping Audience Attention l Samples, gimmicks Award prizes to volunteer participants; pass out samples. l Visuals Use a variety of graphics and visual aids. l Self-interest Audience members want to know "What's in it for me?"

16. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-16 Designing and Using Graphics Select the medium carefully. Consider the size of audience and degree of formality desired. Consider cost, ease of preparation, and potential effectiveness.

17. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-17 Designing and Using Graphics Highlight main ideas. Focus on major concepts only. Avoid overkill. Showing too many graphics reduces their effectiveness. Keep all visuals simple. Consider cost, ease of preparation, and potential effectiveness.

18. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-18 Designing and Using Graphics Ensure visibility. Use large type for transparencies and slides. Position the screen high enough to be seen. Be sure all audience members can see.

19. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-19 Designing and Using Graphics Enhance comprehension. Give the audience a moment to study a visual before discussing it. Paraphrase its verbal message; don’t read.

20. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-20 Designing and Using Graphics Practice using your visual aids. Rehearse your talk, perfecting your handling of the visual aids. Talk to your audience and not to the visual aid.

21. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-21 Tips for Choosing Colours in Visuals. Develop a colour palette of five or fewer colours. Use the same colour for similar elements. Use dark text on a light background for presentations in bright rooms.

22. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-22 Tips for Choosing Colours in Visuals. Use light text on a dark background for presentations in darkened rooms. Use dark text on a light background for transparencies. Beware of light text on light backgrounds and dark text on dark backgrounds.

23. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-23 Tips for Preparing and Using Slides Keep visuals simple. Use same font size and style for similar headings. No more than seven words on a line. Four total lines, plus a title.

24. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-24 Tips for Preparing and Using Slides Be sure that everyone can see the slides. Show a slide Allow the audience to read it Then paraphrase it. Do NOT read from slide.

25. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-25 Conquering Stage Fright Breathe deeply. Convert your fear into anticipation and enthusiasm. Know your topic. Use positive self-talk. Shift the spotlight to your visual aids.

26. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-26 Conquering Stage Fright Ignore any stumbles; keep going. Don’t apologize. Feel proud when you finish.

27. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-27 Eight Serious Speech Blunders l Being dull. Relying on only one or two illustrations to make your points. l Not repeating your main point often enough. l Not answering the audience's most pressing question: "What's in it for me?" l Failing to use signal phrases to focus on main points.

28. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-28 Eight Serious Speech Blunders l Neglecting to time your presentation and practice it out loud. l Forgetting to check your visual aids for readability. l Answering hypothetical questions after the presentation. l Getting distracted just before you speak.

29. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-29 Before Your Presentation Prepare thoroughly. Rehearse repeatedly. Time yourself. Request a lectern.

30. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-30 Before Your Presentation Check the room. Greet members of the audience. Practice stress reduction.

31. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-31 During Your Presentation Begin with a pause. Present your first sentence from memory. Maintain eye contact. Control your voice and vocabulary.

32. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-32 During Your Presentation Put the brakes on. Move naturally. Use visual aids effectively. Avoid digressions. Summarize your main points.

33. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-33 After Your Presentation Distribute handouts. Encourage questions. Repeat questions. Reinforce your main points.

34. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-34 After Your Presentation Keep control. Avoid “Yes, but...” answers. End with a summary and appreciation.

35. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-35 Presentation Enhancers

36. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-36 Presentation Enhancers

37. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-37 Designing and Using Graphics l Select the medium carefully. Consider the size of the audience and the degree of formality desired. Consider cost, ease of preparation, and potential effectiveness.

38. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-38 Designing and Using Graphics l Highlight main ideas. Focus on major concepts only. Avoid overkill. Showing too many graphics reduces their effectiveness. Keep all visuals simple.

39. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-39 Designing and Using Graphics l Ensure visibility. Use large type for transparencies and slides. Position the screen high enough to be seen. Be sure all audience members can see. l Enhance comprehension. Give the audience a moment to study a visual before discussing it. Paraphrase its verbal message; don't read it.

40. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-40 Designing and Using Graphics l Practice using your visual aids. Rehearse your talk, perfecting your handling of the visual aids. Talk to your audience and not to the visual aid.

41. © 2007 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. Ch. 12-41 End