1. http://www.msu.edu/~rjstev/EIPP_Intro_2001.htm http://www.msu.edu/~rjstev/Eco_Health_pt1_2001.htm http://www.msu.edu/~rjstev/Eco_Health_pt2_2001.htm

2. What are Ecosystems and Why Do We Need to Protect Them?

3. Points of Emphasis Ecological Systems are Complex, but Logical Ecosystems are Dynamic, yet Homeostatic Ecological Responses to Humans Varies with Duration of Stress Values of Ecosystems

4. What is an Ecosystem? Group of interacting organisms and the physical and chemical elements in a defined area. Abiotic Chemicals (CO 2, H 2 O, O 2, NH 3 ) Producers (Plants) Consumers (Animals) Decomposers (Bact.) Sun Temp Moisture

5. What is an Ecosystem? Group of interacting organisms and the physical and chemical elements in a defined area.

6. Watershed Hydrology & Sourcesheds Routes of Resources and Contamination

7. Allochthonous Input Light Nutrients Plants GrazersAlgae Shredders Collectors Predators CPOM/ FPOM Bact. & Fungi Aquatic Ecosystems

8. Allochthonous Input Nutrients Plants GrazersAlgae Shredders Collectors Predators CPOM/ FPOM Bact. & Fungi Material Cycling

9. Allochthonous Input Light Plants GrazersAlgae Shredders Collectors Predators CPOM/ FPOM Bact. & Fungi Heat Energy Energy Cycling

10. Allochthonous Input Light Plants GrazersAlgae Shredders Collectors Predators CPOM/ FPOM Bact. & Fungi Heat Energy Respiration (R) Energy Cycling Balance GPP GPP = R

11. Allochthonous Input Light Nutrients Plants GrazersAlgae Shredders Collectors Predators CPOM/ FPOM Bact. & Fungi

12. Allochthonous Input Light Nutrients Plants Grazers Algae Shredders Collectors Predators CPOM/ FPOM Bact. & Fungi

13. Allochthonous Input Light Nutrients Plants Grazers Algae Shredders Collectors Predators CPOM/ FPOM Bact. & Fungi

14. Allochthonous Input Light Nutrients Plants Grazers Algae Shredders Collectors Predators CPOM/ FPOM Bact. & Fungi O2O2

15. Bioconcentration of Contaminants ( Residues of DDT (ppm) in various trophic levels of an estuary food web) Organic Debris (0.3-13.0) Cladophora (0.03) Plankton (0.04) Marsh Plants (0.33-2.8) Shrimp (0.16) Mud Snail (0.26) Clam (0.42) Insects (0.23- 0.3) Fish (0.17-2.07) Fish-eating Birds (3.15-75.5)

16. Interactions among Organisms and Their Environment Biotic Interactions –Trophic Interactions (i.e. predator/prey) –Competition Intraspecific Interspecific –Disease/Parasitism –Mutualistic Interactions Abiotic Factors (Limiting factors) –Climate Temperature Rainfall Day – Length Seasons –Geology Soils & Water Chemistry Hydrology Soil Moisture –Resources Light Nutrients –Physical Disturbance

17. Abiotic Regulation (non-resource) of Populations (Species) Environmental Gradient (e.g. Temp) Comp. Level Metabolism (e.g. growth, reproduction) Range of Tolerance Zone of stress

18. Resource Regulation of Populations Resource Gradient (Light, N, P, Prey) Comp. Level Metabolism (e.g. growth, reproduction) Range of Tolerance Zone of stress

19. Carrying Capacity (CC) of Populations Time (d, wks, mon, yrs) Population Abundance CC

20. Carrying Capacity (CC) of Populations Time (d, wks, mon, yrs) Population Abundance CC

21. Interactions Among Land, Streams, Lakes, and Wetlands Land Lakes Wetlands Streams

22. Habitat Functions Storage and Transformation – (Water, Nutrients, Sediments) –Settling or Biological Uptake and Retention Transport (Water, Nutrients, Sediments, Biota) Habitat for Spawning/Breeding Habitat for Development of Young Habitat for Adults Productivity Support of Diversity Homeostasis from Interactions

23. Natural Regulatory Factors & Ecoregions

24. Natural Sources of Variability Primary Factors –Climate (Temp/Rain) –Geology Secondary Factors –Hydrologic Variability –Soils –Temperature –Water Chemistry –Light Species Membership Competition Predation Mutualism Production Primary Production Secondary Production Nutrient and Energy Cycling Soil fertility Fisheries productivity