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Published byCory O’Neal’ Modified over 8 years ago
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Disease – any deviation from normal state of health Contagious disease – infectious disease, transmitted from one animal to another Mortality – Number of deaths, percentages Morbidity – Measurement of illness
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Veterinary Planning Sanitation Monitoring Sources and Identification of Livestock Using Pharmaceuticals and Biologics Stress Reduction
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Veterinary planning Scheduling regular appointments Take a preventative approach Sanitation Antiseptic – kills bacteria on animal tissue Disinfectant – kills bacteria on non-living tissue or surfaces
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Purchasing animals from producers with effective herd management programs Controlling exposure of their animals to other people & vehicle Providing clothing, boots, and disinfectants to people who must be exposed to the animals & facilities Isolating animals when entering a herd or returning Controlling insects, birds, rodents that can carry disease Keeping animals out of drainage areas that run through their farm through other farms
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Using Pharmaceuticals and Biologics Pharmaceuticals – used to treat disease (antibiotics) Biologics – used to prevent diseases (vaccines) Methods of administration Topically – applied to skin Orally – fed through mouth, drenching/balling guns Injection – applied directly into the animal’s body (needle and syringe Anthelmentics Drugs given to kill internal parasites
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SStress Reduction SStress – any environmental factor that may cause a great change in an animal’s physiological processes SSources – temperature, wind velocity, mud, snow, dust, fatigue PProlonged stress can lead to reduction in immunity
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PPoison vs. Toxin PPoison – harmful chemical whose source is a plant or is manufactured TToxin – chemicals produced by animal cells or microorganisms DDisease Detection (sign vs symptom) SSign – external identification of disease SSymptom – internal identification of disease
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Visual Observation Loss of appetite Animal is depressed Ears dropped Hump in back Head in lower position Separation from herd, flock Coughing, wheezing or difficulty breathing
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Vital Signs – A veterinarian/manager will check for: Body Temperature Respiration Rate Heart Rate
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Viruses lack cytoplasm, must reproduce in the host cell Very specific to host and tissue (host seeking) Transmission in many ways Vaccination can control Bacteria Single celled organisms Damage tissue by producing toxins Treated with antibiotics, chemicals, etc
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Protozoa Single celled but larger than bacteria Invade digestive tract (intestinal lining) and cause rupture of host cells Very host specific Impaired digestion and absorption Most common: coccidia Fungi Single celled or multicellular plant like organisms Hard to treat: avoidance is best treatment Examples: Ringworm, molds
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