1. Overview of Particle Geophysics Elementary Particles Emerging From Inside the Earth Hiroyuki Tanaka

2. What kind of particles are emerging from inside the solid earth? A. Muons

3. How many muons are emerging from inside the solid earth? volcano earth atmospheric muons neutrino-induced muons Small scale detector Large scale detector

5. Atmospheric Muons

6. Muon Range

7. Muons Emerging From Inside Volcano-Scale Objects (Atmospheric Muons)

8. Muography Detector Pb+SUS (160 g/cm 2 ) muon

9. Muographic Images eruption on Feb 2, 2009 330 264 198 132 66 0 0 156 312 468 624 azimuth angle (mrad) elevation angle (mrad) below 2.20 2.36 above 2.52 density (g/cm 3 ) reconstructed from the muons recorded in the nuclear emulsion scintillation detector was accessed from a remote PC [Tanaka, Nakano, Niwa, Takeo et al, EPSL, 2007] [Tanaka, Uchida, Tanaka, Takeo et al, GRL, 2009]

10. 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1000 2000 azimuth distance (m) elevation (m) below 1.75 1.86 above 1.95 density (g/cm 3 ) 40 30 20 10 elevation angle (deg) 10 20 30 40 50 60 azimuth angle (deg) below 1.40 1.80 above 2.20 density (g/cm 3 ) 18 16 14 elevation angle (deg) 0 5 10 15 20 25 azimuth angle (deg) below 0.40 1.50 above 2.60 density (g/cm 3 ) 400 230 60 elevation angle (mrad) 0 312 624 936 azimuth angle (mrad) below 1.90 2.40 above 2.90 density (g/cm 3 ) [Tanaka, Shinohara et al., GRL, 2009] [Tanaka, Oshima et al., GRL, 2007] [Saracino and Carloganu, Physics Today, 2012] [Lesparre and Gibert et al., GJI, 2012]

11. What kind of particles are emerging from inside the solid earth? B. Neutrino- Induced Muons

13. Muons Emerging From Inside Planetary Scale Objects (Neutrino-Induced Muons) [Gonzalez-Garcia, Halzen, Maltoni and Tanaka, PRL, 2008]

14. Seismological Tomography

15. IceCube Detector

16. Muon Neutrino Survival Probability Muon neutrino survival probabilty Zenith angle (degrees) 1 TeV 10 TeV 100 TeV 1 PeV [Gonzalez-Garcia, Halzen, Maltoni and Tanaka, PRL, 2008]

17. IceCube Preliminary Result [Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

18. Matter Effects and Mass Hierarchy

19. [Rott and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

20. A/Z Effect On Neutrino Oscillation [Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

21. Uncertainties Coming From Oscillation Perameters [Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

22. Anticipated Improvements In the Near Future

23. Survival Probability of Electron Neutrinos [Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

24. PINGU Detector [Rott and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

25. Ψμ (light)-Ψμ (STD) 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.06 0.03 0 -0.03 -0.06 -0.09 -0.12 -0.15 [Hoshina, Taketa, Tanaka and IceCube Collaboration, MNR2013, 2013]

26. What kind of particles are emerging from inside the solid earth? C. Geo-neutrinos

28. Neutrinos Emerging From Inside the Solid Earth (Geo-Neutrinos) [McDonough, Dye and Learned, Physics Today, 2012]

29. More detail will be given in the next talk…

30. Conclusion Elementary particles emerging from inside the solid earth can be utilized as a completely new probe to explore the interior structure of the earth and geological targets.