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Soil and Water
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SOILS Texture: % of sand, silt, and clay Amount of water stored in soil
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Texture
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SOILS Structure: arrangement of particles Amount of pore space
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SOIL MOISTURE Gravitational water: drains through soil by gravity
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SOIL MOISTURE Field capacity: soil moisture after gravitational water has been allowed to drain (24 hours)
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SOIL MOISTURE Permanent wilting point: plants can no longer extract moisture
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INTAKE RATE How quickly water enters the soil Slows down as soil becomes wet Cycle and Soak programs
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AVAILABLE WATER HOLDING CAPACITY (AW) Amount of soil moisture between field capacity and permanent wilting point
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EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET) Total water loss from evaporation and transpiration Evaporation: loss of water from soil surface Transpiration: loss of water through plant for cooling
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EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (ET) ET0 is a reference ET, locally or regionally
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http://www.clemson.edu/public/rec/edisto/ facilities/ http://www.clemson.edu/public/rec/edisto/ facilities/ http://www.clemson.edu/public/rec/edisto/ facilities/ http://fawn.ifas.ufl.edu/ http://fawn.ifas.ufl.edu/ http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae455 http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae455
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PLANT REQUIREMENTS Plant water needs vary Root depth and physiology Hydrozones: separating irrigation zones by plants Turf, flowers, tree and shrub beds
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IRRIGATION SCHEDULING 1. HOW MUCH WATER IS LOST PER DAY? Loss of water through ET (inches per day) WATER LOSS = ET
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IRRIGATION SCHEDULING 2. HOW MUCH WATER CAN BE LOST BEFORE REPLACING IT WITH IRRIGATION? The READILY AVAILABLE WATER!
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IRRIGATION SCHEDULING READILY AVAILABLE WATER Don’t wait until all the water is gone from the soil! Readily Available Water = Root Water x Management Allowed Depletion
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IRRIGATION SCHEDULING Root Water = Root Depth x Available Water Holding Capacity Root depth of plants to be irrigated Available water holding capacity of soil Sand Silt Clay
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IRRIGATION SCHEDULING Management Allowed Depletion The amount of water allowed to deplete from soil before it’s replaced Use table
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IRRIGATION SCHEDULING 3. HOW OFTEN SHOULD YOU IRRIGATE? (Days) Readily Available Water ÷ ET Round the days up or down to a whole number
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IRRIGATION SCHEDULING 4. HOW MUCH SHOULD YOU IRRIGATE? = Days X ET
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IRRIGATION SCHEDULING 5. HOW MANY MINUTES DO YOU RUN IRRIGATION? (Irrigation Amount ÷ Precipitation Rate) X 60 Precipitation rate: how fast water is being applied Inches / hour
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