1. LECTURE PRESENTATIONS For CAMPBELL BIOLOGY, NINTH EDITION Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Lectures by Erin Barley Kathleen Fitzpatrick Animal Behavior: Innate & Learned Behavior Chapter 51

2. You Need to Know… How behaviors are the result of natural selection How innate and learned behaviors increase survival and reproductive fitness © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. Ethology Behavior: action carried out by muscles under control of nervous system –Genetic & environmental triggers –Essential for survival & reproduction –Subject to natural selection © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

4. Understanding Behavior Proximate Cause How a behavior occurs Ultimate Cause Why a behavior occurs in the context of natural selection © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

5. Innate Behaviors Fixed action pattern –Sequence of innate behaviors that is unchangeable –Once initiated, carried to completion –Triggered by an external cue (sign stimulus) © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

6. Innate Behaviors Directed Movements –Kinesis: simple change in activity in response to a stimulus –Taxis: automatic movement, oriented +/- from a stimulus © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

7. Innate Behaviors Migration –Regular, long-distance change in location –Triggered by environmental cues –Remain oriented by Position of the sun Circadian clock Position of the North Star Earth’s magnetic field © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

8. Innate Behaviors Signal Behavior that causes a change in another animal’s behavior Communication Transmission and reception of signals © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. Learned Behaviors Habituation –Loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

10. Learned Behaviors Imprinting –Behavior that includes learning and innate components –Generally irreversible –Distinguished from other learning by a sensitive period © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

11. Learned Behaviors Associative learning: associate one feature of the environment with another © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. –Classical Conditioning Arbitrary stimulus associated with a particular outcome –Operant Conditioning Associate behavior with reward or punishment

12. Learned Behaviors Observational Learning –Behavior is learned by watching the actions of another organism © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

13. Learned Behaviors Cognition –Process of knowing that may include awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgment © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

14. Learned Behaviors Problem Solving (Insight) –Process of devising a strategy to overcome an obstacle –Relies on cognition © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

15. Learned Behaviors Social learning –Learning through the observation of others –Forms the roots of culture Influences behavior of individuals in a population © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.