1. ONTOLOGY ENGINEERING Lab #4 - September 22, 2014

2. Object Properties  rdfs:subPropertyOf – used to declare one object property is a subproperty of another property  Example: has_proper_part is a subproperty of has_part  Example: is_sister_of is a subproperty of is_sibling_of  Object Property Chain subPropertyOf – used to declare that if x is related to y by property 1 and y is related to z by property 2, the x is related to z by the parent property  Example: if a is the mother of b and b is the spouse of c, then a is the mother-in-law of c  Example: if a is the agent in b and b is the cause of c, then a is the proximate cause of c 2

3. Object Properties  rdfs:domain – used to declare that subjects of property statements must belong to the class extension of the indicated class description.  Example: Events as the domain of the has_agent property  rdfs:range – used to declare that the values of this property must belong to the class extension of the class description or to data values in the specified data range.  Example: Qualities as the domain of the has_quality property 3

4. Object Properties  owl:equivalentProperty - used to state that two properties are synonymous, or in other words, that they relate the same individuals  Example: is brother of and is male sibling of  Example: between and amid  owl:inverseOf - used to define an inverse relation between properties. If properties P1 and P2 are inverses then for any individuals i1 and i2, if i1 is related to i2 via property P1, the i2 is related to i1 via property P2  Example: is parent of and is child of  Example: precedes and follows 4

5. Object Properties  Remember that as part of the definition of a function every input must be associated with exactly one output.  Functional Object Property – used to state that for each individual x, there can be at most one distinct individual y such that x is connected by the property to y.  Example: If x designates y and x designates z then y = z  Example: if x has mother y and x has mother z then y = z  Inverse Functional Object Property – used to state that for each individual x, there can be at most one individual y such that y is connected by the property to x.  Example: if y is starting instant of x and z is the starting instant of x, then y = z  Example: if y is the mother of x and z is the mother of x then y = z 5

6. Object Property  Reflexive Property – used to state each individual is connected by the object property to itself.  Example: Every class is a subclass of itself  Irreflexive Property – used to state that no individual is connected by the object property to itself.  Example: No Person is their own ancestor.  Symmetric Property – used to state that if an individual x is connected by the property to an individual y, then y is also connected by the property to x.  Example: If x is the spouse of y, then y is the spouse of x 6

7. Object Property  Asymmetric Property – used to state that if an individual x is connected by the property to an individual y, then y cannot be connected by the property to x.  Example: If x precedes y, then y does not precede x  Example: If x is the parent of y, then y is not the parent of x  Transitive Property – used to state that if an individual x is connected by the property to an individual y that is connected by the property to an individual z, then x is also connected by the property to z.  Example: if x precedes y and y precedes z, then x precedes z  Example: if x is a subclass of y and y is a subclass of z, then x is a subclass of z 7

8. Assignment  Add the following object property to your ontology: has_quality  Add all attributes to the has_quality and connects_to object properties  Add the following annotation properties to your ontology: has_name, has_nominal_measurement, has_ordinal_measurement, has_interval_measurement, and has_ratio_measurement

9. Assignment  Add the following facts to your ontology:  Glacier Drive is a local roadway  Glacier Drive is a short route  Glacier Drive has 4 access points  Glacier Drive connects to Mt. Pleasant Avenue  Mt. Pleasant Avenue is a major collector  Mt. Pleasant Avenue connects to Interstate 287  Interstate 287 is an interstate  Interstate 287 has 4 travel lanes.