1. A. First European Discoverers 1. Lief Ericson 1000AD 2. Northern European Fishermen a. Continental Shelf b. Indian reactions and legends B. Marco Polo and Trade with the East (1291) 1. Merchant Class and Mercantilism 2. Muslims and Middle East a. Control and Tax b. Crusades 1096-1270? C. Portugal (1385 becomes a nation) 1. Early Advantages a. Ptolemy (150 A.D.) (round Earth) b. Triangular sails c. King Henry the Navigator (1440s) II. First European Explorers

2. d. Quadrant (1450s) latitude, sun higher near equator e. Trade along African coast (1460s) f. Map World 2. Discoverers a. Barthaleme Dias (1487) Mossel Bay b. Vasco Da Gama (1497) D. Spain 1. Internal Problems a. Marriage (1469) 1. Ferdinand of Aragon 2. Isabel of Castile b. Grenada and expulsion of Jews (1492) 2. Christopher Columbus a. Rejected b. 3,000 miles to East? c. Isabel gives 90 men & 3 ships Pinta, Ni ñ a, & Santa Maria

3. d. after 70 days reaches San Salvador e. Reef off Hispaniola, Santa Maria sunk, 40 men left at fort f. Columbus on Ni ñ a and storm E. Dividing up the Spoils 1. Portuguese fears of competition a. Africa b. Columbus a fake? 2. Spain's claims 3. Pope and Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)