1. Energy Systems

2. Energy Nutrients 1.Proteins 2.Fats 3.Carbohydrates Glucose Metabolism = Chemical reactions in the body that convert the fuel from food into the energy we need

3. Energy: ATP Adenosine TriPhosphate (ATP) “free energy” ATP  ADP + P + Energy

4. Energy Systems 1.Anaerobic System No oxygen Occurs in cytoplasm Powerful, but short period of time 2.Aerobic System With oxygen Occurs in mitochondria Long period of time (as long as there is oxygen)

5. Metabolic Pathways ATP-PC Pathway (anaerobic alactic) Glycolysis Pathway (anaerobic lactic) Cellular Respiration (aerobic)

7. ATP-PC Pathway (Phosphagen System) Anaerobic alactic “no oxygen” & “without lactic acid” Duration: 10-15 seconds Occurs in cytoplasm Relies on available phosphocreatine (PC) – Readily accessible – Does not involve metabolism of glucose Sustain ATP for short, powerful bursts of activity

8. 100-metre sprint Weightlifting

9. Glycolysis Pathway Anaerobic lactic “no oxygen” & “lactic acid present” Duration: 1-3 minutes Occurs in cytoplasm Partial breakdown of glucose  2 ATP Lactic acid = by-product, when built up causes muscle pain

10. 400-metre or 800-metre 1 Hockey shift

11. Cellular Respiration Aerobic “oxygen present” Duration: > 90 seconds Occurs in mitochondria Complete breakdown of glucose  36 ATP Sustain intense activity for longer period of time

12. Marathon Triathlon

16. Muscle Fibre Types Slow-Twitch – Generate and relax tension slowly – Maintain lower level of tension for long durations Fast-Twitch – Generate & relax tension quickly – large amounts of tension with low endurance – Activate 2 or 3 times faster than slow-twitch

17. Fibre Types Based on tension-generating features & metabolic properties 1.Type I – Slow Oxidative Low intensity, longer duration Fatigue resistant Depend on aerobic 2.Type IIA – Fast-Oxidative Glycolytic (intermediate) Intermediate intensity, shorter duration Glycolytic capacity 3.Type IIB – Fast-Glycolytic High intensity Quick contractions without oxygen

19. GlycolysisATP-PCCellular Respiration